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Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Question 16 (page: 63)

Updated On: 10-Feb-2026

Bank of Timbukut is a medium-sized, regional financial institution in Timbuktu. The bank has deployed a new Internet-accessible Web Application recently. Customers can access their account balances, transfer money between accounts, pay bills and conduct online financial business using a web browser.
John Stevens is in charge of information security at Bank of Timbukut. After one month in production, several customers have complained about the Internet enabled banking application. Strangely, the account balances of many of the bank’s customers had been changed ! However, money hasn’t been removed from the bank, instead money was transferred between accounts. Given this attack profile, John Stevens reviewed the Web Application’s logs and found the following entries.


What kind of attack did the Hacker attempt to carry out at the Bank?

  1. Brute Force attack in which the Hacker attempted guessing login ID and password from password cracking tools
  2. The Hacker used a generator module to pass results to the Web Server and exploited Web Application CGI vulnerability.
  3. The Hacker first attempted logins with suspected user names, then used SQL injection to gain access to valid login IDs
  4. The Hacker attempted Session Hijacking, in which the hacker opened an account with the bank, then logged in to receive a session ID, guessed the next ID and took over Jason’s session.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Typing things like ‘ or 1=1 – in the login field is evidence of a hacker trying out if the system is vulnerable to SQL injection.



Bill has successfully executed a buffer overflow against a Windows IIS web server. He has been able to spawn an interactive shell and plans to deface the main web page. He first attempts to use the “Echo” command to simply overwrite index.html and remains unsuccessful. He then attempts to delete the page and achieves no progress. Finally, he tries to overwrite it with another page again in vain.
What is the probable cause of Bill’s problem?

  1. The system is a honeypot.
  2. There is a problem with the shell and he needs to run the attack again.
  3. You cannot use a buffer overflow to deface a web page.
  4. The HTML file has permissions of ready only.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The question states that Bill had been able to spawn an interactive shell. By this statement we can tell that the buffer overflow and its corresponding code was enough to spawn a shell. Any shell should make it possible to change the webpage. So we either don’t have sufficient privilege to change the webpage (answer D) or it’s a honeypot (answer A). We think the preferred answer is D



After studying the following log entries, what is the attacker ultimately trying to achieve as inferred from the log sequence?
1. mkdir -p /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etc
2. mkdir -p /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etcpasswd
3. touch -acmr /etc/passwd /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etcpasswd
4. touch -acmr /etc /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etc
5. passwd nobody -d
6. /usr/sbin/adduser dns -d/bin -u 0 -g 0 -s/bin/bash
7. passwd dns -d
8. touch -acmr /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etcpasswd /etc/passwd
9. touch -acmr /etc/X11/applnk/Internet/.etc /etc

  1. Change password of user nobody
  2. Extract information from a local directory
  3. Change the files Modification Access Creation times
  4. Download rootkits and passwords into a new directory

Answer(s): C



Stephanie, a security analyst, has just returned from a Black Hat conference in Las Vegas where she learned of many powerful tools used by hackers and security professionals alike. Stephanie is primarily worried about her Windows network because of all the legacy computers and servers that she must use, due to lack of funding.
Stephanie wrote down many of the tools she learned of in her notes and was particularly interested in one tool that could scan her network for vulnerabilities and return reports on her network's weak spots called SAINT. She remembered from her notes that SAINT is very flexible and can accomplish a number of tasks. Stephanie asks her supervisor, the CIO, if she can download and run SAINT on the network. Her boss said to not bother with it since it will not work for her at all.
Why did Stephanie's boss say that SAINT would not work?

  1. SAINT only works on Macintosh-based machines
  2. SAINT is too expensive and is not cost effective
  3. SAINT is too network bandwidth intensive
  4. SAINT only works on LINUX and UNIX machines

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Works with Unix/Linux/BSD and MacOS X
http://www.saintcorporation.com/



What is a NULL scan?

  1. A scan in which all flags are turned off
  2. A scan in which certain flags are off
  3. A scan in which all flags are on
  4. A scan in which the packet size is set to zero
  5. A scan with a illegal packet size

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

A null scan has all flags turned off.



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