Which of the hacking methodology steps can be used to identify the applications and vendors used?
Answer(s): B
OSINT (Open Source Intelligence) refers to the collection and analysis of information gathered from public, freely available sources to be used in an intelligence context. In the context of hacking methodologies, OSINT can be used to identify applications and vendors employed by a target organization by analyzing publicly available data such as websites, code repositories, social media, and other internet-facing resources.
Michael Bazzell, "Open Source Intelligence Techniques".
Which of the following is a component of an IDS?
Answer(s): A
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is designed to monitor network or system activities for malicious activities or policy violations and can perform several functions:Monitor: Observing network traffic and system activities for unusual or suspicious behavior. Detect: Identifying potential security breaches including both known threats and unusual activities that could indicate new threats.Respond: Executing pre-defined actions to address detected threats, which can include alerts or triggering automatic countermeasures.
Cisco Systems, "Intrusion Detection Systems".
Which of the IEC 62443 Security Levels is identified by a cybercrime/hacker target?
IEC 62443 is an international series of standards on Industrial communication networks and system security, specifically related to Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS). Within the IEC 62443 standards, Security Level 3 is defined as protection against deliberate or specialized intrusion. It is designed to safeguard against threats from skilled attackers (cybercriminals or hackers) targeting specific processes or operations within the industrial control system.
International Electrotechnical Commission, "IEC 62443 Standards".
Which of the following was attacked using the Stuxnet malware?
Stuxnet is a highly sophisticated piece of malware discovered in 2010 that specifically targeted Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems used to control and monitor industrial processes.The primary targets of Stuxnet were Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), which are critical components in industrial control systems.Stuxnet was designed to infect Siemens Step7 software PLCs. It altered the operation of the PLCs to cause physical damage to the connected hardware, famously used against Iran's uranium enrichment facility, where it caused the fast-spinning centrifuges to tear themselves apart.ReferenceLangner, R. "Stuxnet: Dissecting a Cyberwarfare Weapon." IEEE Security & Privacy, May-June 2011. "W32.Stuxnet Dossier," Symantec Corporation, Version 1.4, February 2011.
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