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In the decision-making process, dentil\ting alternative courses of action can be accomplished by many methods. Which of the following is a method of idea generation that reports the first thought to come to mind in response to a given stimulus?

  1. Creative leap.
  2. Brainstorming.
  3. Forced relationship.
  4. Free association.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Identifying alternative courses of action can be primary or secondary, or it can be creative. One of the creative methods is free association. Free association is a method of idea generation that reports the first thought to come to mind in response to a given stimulus. The objective is to express the content of consciousness without censorship or control.



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The evaluation technique of linear programming involves all of the following except

  1. Linear equations.
  2. Scarce resources.
  3. Accurate results.
  4. Objective function.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Linear programming is a tool for allocating scarce resources in the presence of resource I constraints. The problem must be described by a system of linear equations. An objective function (usually cost or revenue) is maximized or minimized subject to constraint equations. The simultaneous solution to the system of `an equation maximizes profit (or minimizes cost). This description is seldom strictly accurate but provides useful approximations.



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The human tendency to judge positively-presented information favorably and negatively- presented information unfavorably is known as

  1. Bounded rationality.
  2. Framing error.
  3. Escalation.
  4. Overconfidence.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Three problems that arise in decision making are framing error, escalation, and overconfidence. Framing error is the human tendency to judge positively-presented information favorably and negatively-presented information unfavorably.



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All of the following are tools used to evaluate solutions except

  1. Value analysis.
  2. Simulation.
  3. Linear programming.
  4. Decision theory.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The analysis of facts and the development of solutions have been improved through the adoption of mathematical techniques. Although they will not provide useful solutions for poorly formulated problems, they will provide valuable results for well-defined quantitative problems. Some of these tools include simulation, linear programming, and decision theory. Value analysis is a technique utilized to identify alternative courses of action, not for evaluation of problem solutions.






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