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Financial CMA Exam
Certified Management Accountant (Page 18 )

Updated On: 1-Feb-2026
Page 18 of 270
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In order to increase production capacity, Gunning Industries is considering replacing an existing production machine with a new technologically improved machine effective January 1. The following information is being considered by Gunning Industries:
· The new machine would be purchased for $160,000 in cash. Shipping, installation, and testing would cost an additional $30,000.
· The new machine is expected to increase annual sales by 20,000 units at a sales price of $40 per unit. Incremental operating costs include $30 per unit in variable costs and total fixed costs of $40,000 per year.
· The investment in the new machine will require an immediate increase in working capital of $35,000. This cash outflow will be recovered after 5 years. · Gunning uses straight-line depreciation for financial reporting and tax reporting purposes. The new machine has an estimated useful life of 5 years and zero salvage value.
· Gunning is subject to a 40% corporate income tax rate. Gunning uses the net present value method to analyze investments and will employ the following factors and rates:


The acquisition of the new production machine by Gunning Industries will contribute a discounted net-of-tax contribution margin of

  1. $242,624
  2. $303,280
  3. $363,936
  4. $454,920

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The new machine will increase sales by 20,000 units a year. The increase in the pretax total contribution margin will be $200,000 per year [20,000 units x ($40 SP -- $30 VC)], and the annual increase in the after tax contribution margin will be $120,000 [$200,000 x (1.0-- .4)]. The present value of the after-tax increase in the contribution margin over the 5-year useful life of the machine is $454,920 ($120,000 x 3.791 PV o f an ordinary annuity for 5 years at 10%).



View Related Case Study

In order to increase production capacity, Gunning Industries is considering replacing an existing production machine with a new technologically improved machine effective January 1.The following information is being considered by Gunning Industries:
· The new machine would be purchased for $160,000 in cash. Shipping, installation, and testing would cost an additional $30,000.
· The new machine is expected to increase annual sales by 20,000 units at a sales price of $40 per unit. Incremental operating costs include $30 per unit in variable costs and total fixed costs of $40,000 per year.
· The investment in the new machine will require an immediate increase in working capital of $35,000. This cash outflow will be recovered after 5 years. · Gunning uses straight-line depreciation for financial reporting and tax reporting purposes. The new machine has an estimated useful life of 5 years and zero salvage value.
· Gunning is subject to a 40% corporate income tax rate. Gunning uses the net present value method to analyze investments and will employ the following factors and rates:


Gunning Industries' discounted annual depreciation tax shield for the year of replacement is

  1. $13,817
  2. $16,762
  3. $20,725
  4. $22,800

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Gunning uses straight-line depreciation. Thus, the annual charge is $38,000 [($160,000 ÷ $30,000) + 5 years], and the tax savings is $15,200 ($38,000 x 40%). That benefit will be received in 1 year, so the present value is $13,817 ($15,200 tax savings x .909 present value of $1 for 1 year at 10%).



View Related Case Study

In order to increase production capacity, Gunning Industries is considering replacing an existing production machine with a new technologically improved machine effective January 1. The following information is being considered by Gunning Industries:
· The new machine would be purchased for $160,000 in cash. Shipping, installation, and testing would cost an additional $30,000.
· The new machine is expected to increase annual sales by 20,000 units at a sales price of $40 per unit. Incremental operating costs include $30 per unit in variable costs and total fixed costs of $40,000 per year.
· The investment in the new machine will require an immediate increase in working capital of $35,000. This cash outflow will be recovered after 5 years. · Gunning uses straight-line depreciation for financial reporting and tax reporting purposes. The new machine has an estimated useful life of 5 years and zero salvage value.
· Gunning is subject to a 40% corporate income tax rate. Gunning uses the net present value method to analyze investments and will employ the following factors and rates:



Gunning Industries' net cash outflow in a capital budgeting decision is

  1. $190,000
  2. $195,000
  3. $204,525
  4. $225,000

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The machine costs $160,000 and will require $30,000 to install and test. In addition, the company will have to invest in $35,000 of working capital to support the production of the new machine. Thus, the total investment necessary is $225,000.



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A disadvantage of the net present value method of capital expenditure evaluation is that it

  1. Is calculated using sensitively analysis.
  2. Computes the true interest rate.
  3. Does not provide the true rate of return on investment.
  4. Is difficult to apply because it uses a trial-and-error approach.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The NPV is broadly defined as the excess of the present value of the estimated net cash inflows over the net cost of the investment. A discount rate has to be stipulated by the person conducting the analysis. A disadvantage is that it does not provide the true rate of return for an investment, only that the rate of return is higher than a stipulated discount rate (which may be the cost of capital).



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The NPV of a project has been calculated to be $215000. Which one of the following changes in assumptions would decrease the NPV?

  1. Decrease the estimated effective income tax rate.
  2. Decrease the initial investment amount.
  3. Extend the project life and associated cash inflows.
  4. Increase the discount rate.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

An increase in the discount rate would lower the net present value, as would a decrease in cash flows or an increase in the initial investment.



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