RECTITUDE:
Answer(s): D
RECTITUDE means “moral virtue or strength.” Choice D. provides an ideal antonym.
To marine biologists, the giant squid is especially _______, as it has never been seen alive, making it virtually impossible to study in its natural habitat.
Answer(s): C
In the context of the sentence, the word as means “because.” The second part of the sentence provides an explanation for the first part. The fact that the giant squid has “never been seen alive” would clearly explain why the squid would be mysterious to marine biologists
The main advantage of inertial guidance systems in modern aircraft, spacecraft, and submarines is that they are _______ and are able to function without _______ data.
Answer(s): B
Notice that the word “advantage” is singular (not plural). This suggests that the two phrases “they are _______” and “they are able to . . .” must express nearly the same idea. Choice B. helps convey the idea nicely: An automatic system is by definition one that functions without external help. (In the digital realm, the words “data” and “help” can carry essentially the same meaning.) None of the other answer choices establishes as close a relationship between these two phrases.
The _______ that computers are _______ educational tools has led many parents to believe that children don’t need to be monitored when using the computer, as they do when watching television.
The missing words should suggest a belief about computers that would lead parents to let their children use the devices without being watched. Only choice B. works, because only benign (harmless) is sufficiently positive to suggest that idea.
In the United States, the development of sociology was not _______ controversies; rather, it emerged from social experience, hence the relatively _______ approach among American sociologists to identifying and solving social problems.
The first operative word in the sentence is rather, which sets up a contrast between what precedes it and what follows it. So, the first clause must run contrary to the phrase “it emerged from social experience.” Only choices (A), (C), and D. serve this purpose. Of these three choices, choice D. establishes the clearest contrast—between ideology and experience. A second operative word in the sentence is hence. What follows this phrase must be consistent with what precedes it. Choice D. accomplishes just that. The word empirical means “based on observation or experience (as opposed to theory).”
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