Tommy has written an AWS Lambda function that will perform certain tasks for the organization when data has been uploaded to an S3 bucket. Security policies for the organization do not allow Tommy to hardcode any type of credential within the Lambda code or environment variables. However, Tommy needs to retrieve a credential from Vault to write data to an on-premises database. What auth method should Tommy use in Vault to meet the requirements while not violating security policies?
Answer(s): A
Comprehensive and Detailed in DepthA: AWS auth uses IAM roles, avoiding hardcoded credentials. Correct for Lambda.B: Userpass requires username/password, violating policy. Incorrect.C: Token requires a pre-generated token, often hardcoded. Incorrect.D: AppRole needs RoleID/SecretID, typically hardcoded. Incorrect.Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:"The AWS auth method provides an automated mechanism to retrieve a Vault token for IAM principals... no manual credential provisioning required."
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/auth/aws#aws-auth-method
What command would have created the token displayed below? $ vault token lookup hvs.nNeZ2I64ALCxuO7dqQEJGPrOKey: policies Value: [default dev], num_uses: 5, ttl: 767h59m49sKey Value--- -----accessor mfvaVMFgOcXHIeqlRasroSOn creation_time 1604610457creation_ttl 768h display_name token entity_id n/a expire_time 2024-12-07T16:07:37.7540672-05:00explicit_max_ttl 0s id hvs.nNeZ2I64ALCxuO7dqQEJGPrOissue_time 2024-11-05T16:07:37.7540672-05:00meta <nil>num_uses 5orphan false path auth/token/create policies [default dev]renewable true ttl 767h59m49s type service
Comprehensive and Detailed in DepthA: Matches dev policy and num_uses=5. TTL is system default (768h). Correct.B: Missing num_uses. Incorrect.C: Adds default policy explicitly, not needed as it's implicit. Incorrect.D: Missing num_uses. Incorrect.Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:"vault token create with -policy and -use-limit sets specific attributes... default policy is included implicitly."
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/token/create#command-options
You've set up multiple Vault clusters, one on-premises intended to be the primary cluster, and the second cluster in AWS, which was deployed for performance replication. After enabling replication, developers complain that all the data they've stored in the AWS Vault cluster is missing. What happened?
Answer(s): B
Comprehensive and Detailed in DepthA: Certificate issues don't delete data. Incorrect.B: Performance replication wipes the secondary's data to sync with the primary. Correct.C: Data isn't copied to the primary; replication is one-way. Incorrect.D: No recovery path exists; data is wiped. Incorrect.Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:"When replication is enabled, all of the secondary's existing storage will be wiped... This is irrevocable."
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/tutorials/enterprise/performance-replication
Based on the screenshot below, how many auth methods have been enabled on this Vault instance?
Comprehensive and Detailed in DepthToken is enabled by default and cannot be disabled.Userpass is explicitly enabled.Total: 2 auth methods.Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:"Tokens are the default auth method... Additional methods like userpass increase the count."
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/tokens
Given the following policy, which command below would not result in a permission denied error (select two)?path "secret/*" { capabilities = ["create", "update"] allowed_parameters = { "student" = ["steve", "frank", "jamie", "susan", "gerry", "damien"] } }path "secret/apps/*" { capabilities = ["read"] }path "secret/apps/results" { capabilities = ["deny"] }
Answer(s): C,D
Comprehensive and Detailed in DepthA: Denied by secret/apps/results deny policy. Incorrect.B: secret/apps/app01 only allows read, not create. Incorrect.C: secret/common/results allows create with student=frank (allowed value). Correct.D: secret/apps/api_key allows read. Correct.Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:"deny overrides any allow... allowed_parameters restricts values."
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies#parameter-constraints
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