In the collaboration solution architecture, which of the following network elements are deployed at the media processing layer? (Choose all that apply.)
Answer(s): B,C
The media processing layer handles core media functions such as audio/video encoding, decoding, mixing, recording, and streaming. The VP9860 is Huawei's MCU media server - deployed precisely in this media processing (media switching) layer to provide high-density encoding/decoding and mixing capabilities. CloudRSE (Cloud Recording & Streaming Engine) delivers recording and streaming services, which are also key media processing functions within this layer.
Assume that a dual-channel audio file uses the PCM encoding, the sampling frequency is 8 kHz, and each quantized sample value corresponds to an 8-bit binary code. What is the encoding rate (kbit/s) of the audio file?
Answer(s): A
Dual-channel PCM at 8 kHz with 8 bits per sample yields 8,000 × 8 = 64 kbit/s per channel; two channels give 64 × 2 = 128 kbit/s.
Generally, the bandwidth actually occupied by a video conference is greater than the conference bandwidth. What are the possible causes? (Choose all that apply.)
Answer(s): A,B,C,D
The actual bandwidth exceeds the nominal conference bandwidth because of protocol overhead (both IP and UDP headers), signaling exchanges, and any retransmissions of lost packets, all of which consume additional capacity.
Assume that a channel of 4CIF analog TV signal uses a 48-bit color depth. Which of the following is nearest to the stream transmission speed of the signal before compression and encoding?
Answer(s): D
4CIF (704×576) at 30 fps gives 704 × 576 × 30 12.17 million pixels/s. At 48 bits per pixel, that's 12.17 M × 48 584 Mbit/s, which is nearest to 600 Mbit/s.
Currently, the widely used video compression standards include H.263, H.264, H.265, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4. The H.26X series standards are mainly used for real time video communication, and the MPEG series standards are mainly used for video storage (DVD), video broadcast, and video streaming media.
The H.26x family (H.263, H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC) was designed with low-latency, real-time encoding/decoding in mind (ideal for videoconferencing and streaming calls) whereas MPEG-1/2/4 were originally optimized for file-based storage (VCD/DVD), broadcast and progressive streaming. Modern deployments often blend these. For example, using H.265 for both live calls and high- efficiency streaming and newer standards (like H.266/VVC) are now emerging.
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