Free CIPP-E Exam Braindumps (page: 2)

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What is an important difference between the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in relation to their roles and functions?

  1. ECHR can rule on issues concerning privacy as a fundamental right, while the CJEU cannot.
  2. CJEU can force national governments to implement and honor EU law, while the ECHR cannot.
  3. CJEU can hear appeals on human rights decisions made by national courts, while the ECHR cannot.
  4. ECHR can enforce human rights laws against governments that fail to implement them, while the CJEU cannot.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The ECHR and the CJEU are part of two different legal systems: the Council of Europe and the European Union, respectively. The ECHR is a treaty that guarantees human rights and fundamental freedoms to individuals within the jurisdiction of its 47 member states. The CJEU is the judicial branch of the EU that ensures the uniform interpretation and application of EU law within its 27 member states. The ECHR can only hear complaints from individuals or states alleging violations of the rights enshrined in the convention, and it can only issue judgments that are binding on the respondent state. The CJEU, on the other hand, can hear cases from individuals, states, EU institutions, or national courts on any matter of EU law, and it can issue rulings that are binding on all EU member states and institutions. The CJEU can also impose sanctions or penalties on states that fail to comply with its judgments or EU law in general. Therefore, the CJEU has more power and authority to enforce EU law than the ECHR has to enforce human rights law.


Reference:

CIPP/E Certification, ECHR and the CJEU, The UK, the EU and a British Bill of Rights



SCENARIO

Please use the following to answer the next question:

Anna and Frank both work at Granchester University. Anna is a lawyer responsible for data protection, while Frank is a lecturer in the engineering department. The University maintains a number of types of records:
Student records, including names, student numbers, home addresses, pre-university information, university attendance and performance records, details of special educational needs and financial information.
Staff records, including autobiographical materials (such as curricula, professional contact files,

student evaluations and other relevant teaching files). Alumni records, including birthplaces, years of birth, dates of matriculation and conferrals of degrees. These records are available to former students after registering through Granchester's Alumni portal. Department for Education records, showing how certain demographic groups (such as first-generation students) could be expected, on average, to progress. These records do not contain names or identification numbers.
Under their security policy, the University encrypts all of its personal data records in transit and at rest.

In order to improve his teaching, Frank wants to investigate how his engineering students perform in relational to Department for Education expectations. He has attended one of Anna's data protection training courses and knows that he should use no more personal data than necessary to accomplish his goal. He creates a program that will only export some student data: previous schools attended, grades originally obtained, grades currently obtained and first time university attended. He wants to keep the records at the individual student level. Mindful of Anna's training, Frank runs the student numbers through an algorithm to transform them into different reference numbers. He uses the same algorithm on each occasion so that he can update each record over time.

One of Anna's tasks is to complete the record of processing activities, as required by the GDPR. After receiving her email reminder, as required by the GDPR. After receiving her email reminder, Frank informs Anna about his performance database.

Ann explains to Frank that, as well as minimizing personal data, the University has to check that this new use of existing data is permissible. She also suspects that, under the GDPR, a risk analysis may have to be carried out before the data processing can take place. Anna arranges to discuss this further with Frank after she has done some additional research.

Frank wants to be able to work on his analysis in his spare time, so he transfers it to his home laptop (which is not encrypted). Unfortunately, when Frank takes the laptop into the University he loses it on the train. Frank has to see Anna that day to discuss compatible processing. He knows that he needs to report security incidents, so he decides to tell Anna about his lost laptop at the same time.

Which of the University's records does Anna NOT have to include in her record of processing activities?

  1. Student records
  2. Staff and alumni records
  3. Frank's performance database
  4. Department for Education records

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

According to the GDPR, a record of processing activities (RoPA) is a document that provides an overview of how personal data is processed within an organisation. It must include information on the types of personal data processed, the purposes for which the data is processed, and the measures taken to ensure the security of the data. A RoPA must be kept up to date and made available to the supervisory authority upon request.
In this scenario, Anna does not have to include Frank's performance database in her RoPA, because it does not contain any personal data. Personal data is any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person. Frank's performance database only contains aggregated or anonymised data that cannot identify any individual student. Therefore, it does not fall under the definition of personal data under the GDPR.
However, Anna still has to complete her RoPA for all other types of records that are processed by Granchester University, such as student records, staff and alumni records, and Department for Education records. These records may contain personal data that needs to be minimised and protected in accordance with the GDPR principles. Anna also has to conduct a risk analysis before processing these records, as required by Article 35(2) of the GDPR4. She also has to report any security incidents involving these records, as required by Article 33(3) of the GDPR4.


Reference:

[Art. 30 GDPR ­ Records of processing activities]
[How do we document our processing activities?]
Records of Processing (Article 30) Guidance
GDPR Records of Processing Activities | Resources
Records of Processing Activities: A Key GDPR Compliance Requirement



SCENARIO

Please use the following to answer the next question:

Anna and Frank both work at Granchester University. Anna is a lawyer responsible for data protection, while Frank is a lecturer in the engineering department. The University maintains a number of types of records:
Student records, including names, student numbers, home addresses, pre-university information, university attendance and performance records, details of special educational needs and financial information.
Staff records, including autobiographical materials (such as curricula, professional contact files, student evaluations and other relevant teaching files). Alumni records, including birthplaces, years of birth, dates of matriculation and conferrals of degrees. These records are available to former students after registering through Granchester's Alumni portal. Department for Education records, showing how certain demographic groups (such as first-generation students) could be expected, on average, to progress. These records do not contain names or identification numbers.
Under their security policy, the University encrypts all of its personal data records in transit and at rest.

In order to improve his teaching, Frank wants to investigate how his engineering students perform in relational to Department for Education expectations. He has attended one of Anna's data protection training courses and knows that he should use no more personal data than necessary to accomplish his goal. He creates a program that will only export some student data: previous schools attended, grades originally obtained, grades currently obtained and first time university attended. He wants to keep the records at the individual student level. Mindful of Anna's training, Frank runs the student numbers through an algorithm to transform them into different reference numbers. He uses the same algorithm on each occasion so that he can update each record over time.

One of Anna's tasks is to complete the record of processing activities, as required by the GDPR. After receiving her email reminder, as required by the GDPR. After receiving her email reminder, Frank informs Anna about his performance database.

Ann explains to Frank that, as well as minimizing personal data, the University has to check that this new use of existing data is permissible. She also suspects that, under the GDPR, a risk analysis may have to be carried out before the data processing can take place. Anna arranges to discuss this further with Frank after she has done some additional research.

Frank wants to be able to work on his analysis in his spare time, so he transfers it to his home laptop (which is not encrypted). Unfortunately, when Frank takes the laptop into the University he loses it on the train. Frank has to see Anna that day to discuss compatible processing. He knows that he needs to report security incidents, so he decides to tell Anna about his lost laptop at the same time.

Before Anna determines whether Frank's performance database is permissible, what additional information does she need?

  1. More information about Frank's data protection training.
  2. More information about the extent of the information loss.
  3. More information about the algorithm Frank used to mask student numbers.
  4. More information about what students have been told and how the research will be used.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Before Anna determines whether Frank's performance database is permissible, she needs to know more information about the following aspects of the data processing:
The purpose and legal basis of the data processing, which should be clearly defined and documented in a data protection impact assessment (DPIA) or a similar document. The nature and extent of the personal data involved, which should be limited to what is necessary for the purpose and not retained longer than necessary.
The measures taken to ensure the security and confidentiality of the personal data, such as encryption, pseudonymization, access control, etc.
The rights and interests of the data subjects, such as their right to access, rectify, erase or restrict their personal data, as well as their right to object or withdraw consent. The potential risks and consequences of the data processing for the rights and freedoms of the data subjects, such as identity theft, discrimination, reputational damage, etc. In this case, Anna needs to know more information about what students have been told and how the research will be used. This is because:
The purpose of using student records for research purposes is not clear from Frank's description. He does not specify whether he has obtained consent from the students or their parents/guardians, or whether he has informed them about his research objectives and methods. The nature and extent of using student records for research purposes is not clear from Frank's description. He does not specify which student records he is using (e.g., by name or by reference number), how many records he is using (e.g., by cohort or by class), or how long he will keep them (e.g., until graduation or indefinitely).
The measures taken to ensure the security and confidentiality of using student records for research purposes are not clear from Frank's description. He does not specify whether he has encrypted his program or his laptop before transferring it to his home device, whether he has backed up his program or his laptop before losing it on the train, or whether he has reported his lost laptop to his IT department.
Therefore, Anna needs more information about these aspects before she can determine whether Frank's performance database is permissible under the GDPR.


Reference:

1: Free CIPP/E Study Guide - International Association of Privacy Professionals 2: CIPP/E Certification - International Association of Privacy Professionals



SCENARIO

Please use the following to answer the next question:

Anna and Frank both work at Granchester University. Anna is a lawyer responsible for data protection, while Frank is a lecturer in the engineering department. The University maintains a number of types of records:
Student records, including names, student numbers, home addresses, pre-university information, university attendance and performance records, details of special educational needs and financial information.
Staff records, including autobiographical materials (such as curricula, professional contact files, student evaluations and other relevant teaching files). Alumni records, including birthplaces, years of birth, dates of matriculation and conferrals of degrees. These records are available to former students after registering through Granchester's Alumni portal. Department for Education records, showing how certain demographic groups (such as first-generation students) could be expected, on average, to progress. These records do not contain names or identification numbers.
Under their security policy, the University encrypts all of its personal data records in transit and at rest.

In order to improve his teaching, Frank wants to investigate how his engineering students perform in relational to Department for Education expectations. He has attended one of Anna's data protection training courses and knows that he should use no more personal data than necessary to accomplish his goal. He creates a program that will only export some student data: previous schools attended, grades originally obtained, grades currently obtained and first time university attended. He wants to keep the records at the individual student level. Mindful of Anna's training, Frank runs the student numbers through an algorithm to transform them into different reference numbers. He uses the same algorithm on each occasion so that he can update each record over time.

One of Anna's tasks is to complete the record of processing activities, as required by the GDPR. After receiving her email reminder, as required by the GDPR. After receiving her email reminder, Frank informs Anna about his performance database.

Ann explains to Frank that, as well as minimizing personal data, the University has to check that this new use of existing data is permissible. She also suspects that, under the GDPR, a risk analysis may have to be carried out before the data processing can take place. Anna arranges to discuss this further with Frank after she has done some additional research.

Frank wants to be able to work on his analysis in his spare time, so he transfers it to his home laptop (which is not encrypted). Unfortunately, when Frank takes the laptop into the University he loses it on the train. Frank has to see Anna that day to discuss compatible processing. He knows that he needs to report security incidents, so he decides to tell Anna about his lost laptop at the same time.

Anna will find that a risk analysis is NOT necessary in this situation as long as?

  1. The data subjects are no longer current students of Frank's
  2. The processing will not negatively affect the rights of the data subjects
  3. The algorithms that Frank uses for the processing are technologically sound
  4. The data subjects gave their unambiguous consent for the original processing

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

A risk analysis is a process of identifying, assessing and mitigating the potential threats and vulnerabilities that may affect the personal data processing activities of an organization. A risk analysis is not a one-time activity, but a continuous and dynamic process that requires regular monitoring and updating. A risk analysis is also not a substitute for compliance with the GDPR, but a tool to help ensure compliance by identifying and addressing the legal obligations and best practices. According to the GDPR, an organization must conduct a data protection impact assessment (DPIA) before starting any new or significantly increased processing activity that may pose a high risk to the rights and freedoms of the data subjects. A DPIA is a systematic and documented process that aims to identify, evaluate and mitigate the risks associated with such processing activities. A DPIA must be carried out by or on behalf of the controller (the person or entity that determines the purposes and means of processing) or by another person acting on their behalf. In this scenario, Frank is conducting a DPIA for his new processing activity of analyzing his students' performance data in relation to Department for Education expectations. This processing activity poses a high risk to the rights and freedoms of his students, as it involves collecting, storing, using and transferring their personal data without their explicit consent or knowledge. Therefore, Frank must conduct a DPIA before starting this processing activity. However, there are some exceptions to this requirement. One of them is when the processing activity involves personal data that are no longer relevant for the original purpose for which they were collected or otherwise processed. In this case, Frank can use existing personal data without conducting a DPIA, as long as he ensures that they are adequate, relevant and limited to what is necessary for his new purpose.
Therefore, in this situation, Anna will find that a risk analysis is NOT necessary in this situation as long as the data subjects are no longer current students of Frank's. This means that Frank can use his existing student records without conducting a DPIA, as long as he ensures that they are adequate, relevant and limited to what is necessary for his new purpose.


Reference:

Risks and data protection impact assessments (DPIAs) | ICO What Are GDPR Risk Assessments and Why Are They Important? GDPR Compliance Risk Assessment Best Practices | Accountable Why risk assessments are essential for GDPR compliance



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Post your Comments and Discuss IAPP CIPP-E exam with other Community members:

Martinez commented on September 21, 2024
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NETHERLANDS
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Filipa commented on August 27, 2024
Question 143 is incorrect, the answer is should be B, and the explanation is unrelated to the scenario. Other than that great work
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X commented on August 08, 2024
answers are correct
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