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Free ISACA CCOA Exam Questions (page: 6)

Page 6 of 36
PDF with 139 Questions

Which of the following is the GREATEST risk resulting from a Domain Name System (DNS) cache poisoning attack?

  1. Reduced system availability
  2. Noncompliant operations
  3. Loss of network visibility
  4. Loss of sensitive data

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The greatest risk resulting from a DNS cache poisoning attack is the loss of sensitive data. Here's why:

DNS Cache Poisoning: An attacker corrupts the DNS cache to redirect users from legitimate sites to malicious ones.

Phishing and Data Theft: Users think they are accessing legitimate websites (like banking portals) but are unknowingly entering sensitive data into fake sites.

Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: Attackers can intercept data traffic, capturing credentials or personal information.

Data Exfiltration: Once credentials are stolen, attackers can access internal systems, leading to data loss.

Other options analysis:

A . Reduced system availability: While DNS issues can cause outages, this is secondary to data theft in poisoning scenarios.

B . Noncompliant operations: While potential, this is not the primary risk.

C . Loss of network visibility: Unlikely since DNS poisoning primarily targets user redirection, not network visibility.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition


Reference:

Chapter 4: Network Security Operations: Discusses DNS attacks and their potential consequences.

Chapter 8: Threat Detection and Incident Response: Details how DNS poisoning can lead to data compromise.



Which of the following is foundational for implementing a Zero Trust model?

  1. Comprehensive process documentation
  2. Robust network monitoring
  3. Routine vulnerability and penetration testing
  4. Identity and access management (IAM) controls

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Implementing a Zero Trust model fundamentally requires robust Identity and Access Management (IAM) controls because:

Zero Trust Principles: Never trust, always verify; enforce least privilege.

Identity-Centric Security: Strong IAM practices ensure that only authenticated and authorized users can access resources.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Verifying user identities at each access point.

Granular Access Control: Assigning minimal necessary privileges based on verified identity.

Continuous Monitoring: Continuously assessing user behavior and access patterns.

Other options analysis:

A . Comprehensive process documentation: Helpful but not foundational for Zero Trust.

B . Robust network monitoring: Supports Zero Trust but is not the core principle.

C . Routine vulnerability and penetration testing: Important for security but not specifically for Zero Trust.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition


Reference:

Chapter 7: Access Control and Identity Management: Emphasizes the role of IAM in Zero Trust architecture.

Chapter 10: Secure Network Architecture: Discusses how Zero Trust integrates IAM.



During a post-mortem incident review meeting, it is noted that a malicious attacker attempted to achieve network persistence by using vulnerabilities that appeared to be lower risk but ultimately allowed the attacker to escalate their privileges.
Which of the following did the attacker MOST likely apply?

  1. Exploit chaining
  2. Brute force attack
  3. Cross-site scripting
  4. Deployment of rogue wireless access points

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Exploit chaining involves combining multiple lower-severity vulnerabilities to escalate privileges or gain persistence in a network. The attacker:

Combines Multiple Exploits: Uses interconnected vulnerabilities that, individually, seem low-risk but together form a critical threat.

Privilege Escalation: Gains elevated access by chaining exploits, often bypassing security measures.

Persistence Mechanism: Once privilege is gained, attackers establish long-term control.

Advanced Attacks: Typically seen in advanced persistent threats (APTs) where the attacker meticulously combines weaknesses.

Other options analysis:

B . Brute force attack: Involves password guessing, not chaining vulnerabilities.

C . Cross-site scripting: Focuses on injecting malicious scripts, unrelated to privilege escalation.

D . Rogue wireless access points: Involves unauthorized devices, not exploit chaining.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition


Reference:

Chapter 6: Attack Techniques and Vectors: Describes exploit chaining and its strategic use.

Chapter 9: Incident Analysis: Discusses how attackers combine low-risk vulnerabilities for major impact.



An organization uses containerization for its business application deployments, and all containers run on the same host, so they MUST share the same:

  1. user data.
  2. database.
  3. operating system.
  4. application.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

In a containerization environment, all containers running on the same host share the same operating system kernel because:

Container Architecture: Containers virtualize at the OS level, unlike VMs, which have separate OS instances.

Shared Kernel: The host OS kernel is shared across all containers, which makes container deployment lightweight and efficient.

Isolation through Namespaces: While processes are isolated, the underlying OS remains the same.

Docker Example: A Docker host running Linux containers will only support other Linux-based containers, as they share the Linux kernel.

Other options analysis:

A . User data: Containers may share volumes, but this is configurable and not a strict requirement.

B . Database: Containers can connect to the same database but don't necessarily share one.

D . Application: Containers can run different applications even when sharing the same host.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition


Reference:

Chapter 10: Secure DevOps and Containerization: Discusses container architecture and kernel sharing.

Chapter 9: Secure Systems Configuration: Explains how container environments differ from virtual machines.



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