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Free ISACA CRISC Exam Questions (page: 27)

Page 27 of 238
PDF with 1895 Questions

Which of the following BEST protects organizational data within a production cloud environment?

  1. Data encryption
  2. Continuous log monitoring
  3. Right to audit
  4. Dataobfuscation

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Data encryption is the best method to protect organizational data within a production cloud environment, as it ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data. Data encryption is the process oftransforming data into an unreadable format using a secret key or algorithm, so that only authorized parties can access and decrypt the data. Data encryption can protect data at rest (stored in the cloud) and data in transit (transferred over the network) from unauthorized access, modification, or deletion by malicious actors or accidental errors. Data encryption can also help organizations comply with legal, regulatory, and contractual requirements for data protection and privacy, such as GDPR, CCPA, and PCI DSS.


Reference:

·The Complexity Conundrum: Simplifying Data Security1 ·Practical Data Security and Privacy for GDPR and CCPA2



The MOST significant benefit of using a consistent risk ranking methodology across an organization is that it enables:

  1. allocation of available resources
  2. clear understanding of risk levels
  3. assignment of risk to the appropriate owners
  4. risk to be expressed in quantifiable terms

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The most significant benefit of using a consistent risk ranking methodology across an organization is that it enables a clear understanding of risk levels, as this facilitates the comparison and prioritization of risks, the communication and reporting of risks, and the alignment of risk management with the enterprise's objectives and strategy. A consistent risk ranking methodology is a set of criteria and scales that are used to measure and rate the likelihood and impact of risks, as well as other factors such as urgency, velocity, and persistence. A consistent risk ranking methodology ensures that the risk assessment results are objective, reliable, and comparable across different business units, processes, and projects. The other options are not the most significant benefits of using a consistent risk ranking methodology,although they may be secondary benefits or outcomes of doing so. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, Chapter 3: IT Risk Assessment, page 97.



Which of the following is the BEST approach to use when creating a comprehensive set of IT risk scenarios?

  1. Derive scenarios from IT risk policies and standards.
  2. Map scenarios to a recognized risk management framework.
  3. Gather scenariosfrom senior management.
  4. Benchmark scenarios against industry peers.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

IT risk scenarios are the descriptions or representations of the possible or hypothetical situations or events that may cause or result in an IT risk for the organization. IT risk scenarios usually consist of three elements: a threat or source of harm, a vulnerability or weakness, and an impact or consequence.
The best approach to use when creating a comprehensive set of IT risk scenarios is to map scenarios to a recognized risk management framework, which is an established or recognized model or standard that provides the principles, guidelines, and best practices for the organization's IT risk management function. Mapping scenarios to a recognized risk management framework can help the organization to create a comprehensive set of IT risk scenarios by providing the following benefits:
It can ensure that the IT risk scenarios are relevant, appropriate, and proportional to the organization's IT objectives and needs, and that they support the organization's IT strategy and culture.

It can ensure that the IT risk scenarios are consistent and compatible with the organization's IT governance, risk management, and control functions, and that they reflect the organization's IT risk appetite and tolerance.
It can provide useful references and benchmarks for the identification, analysis, evaluation, and communication of the IT risk scenarios, and for the alignment and integration of the IT risk scenarios with the organization's IT risk policies and standards. The other options are not the best approaches to use when creating a comprehensive set of IT risk scenarios, because they do not provide the same level of detail and insight that mapping scenarios to a recognized risk management framework provides, and they may not be specific or applicable to the organization's IT objectives and needs.

Deriving scenarios from IT risk policies and standards means creating or generating the IT risk scenarios based on the rules or guidelines that define and describe the organization's IT risk management function, and that specify the expectations and requirements for the organization's IT risk management function. Deriving scenarios from IT risk policies and standards can help the organization to create a consistent and compliant set of IT risk scenarios, but it is not the best approach, because it may not cover all the relevant or significant IT risks that may affect the organization, and it may not support the organization's IT strategy and culture.
Gathering scenarios from senior management means collecting or obtaining the IT risk scenarios from the senior management or executives that oversee or direct the organization's IT activities or functions. Gathering scenarios from senior management can help the organization to create a high-level and strategic set of IT risk scenarios, but it is not the best approach, because it may not reflect the operational or technical aspects of the IT risks, and it may not involve the input or feedback from the other stakeholders or parties that are involved or responsible for the IT activities or functions. Benchmarking scenarios against industry peers means comparing and contrasting the IT risk scenarios with those of other organizations or industry standards, and identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, or threats that may affect the organization's IT objectives oroperations. Benchmarking scenarios against industry peers can help the organization to create a competitive and innovative set of IT risk scenarios, but it is not the best approach, because it may not be relevant or appropriate for the organization's IT objectives and needs, and it may not comply with the organization's IT policies and standards. References =
ISACA, CRISC Review Manual, 7th Edition, 2022, pp. 19-20, 23-24, 27-28, 31-32, 40-41, 47-48, 54-55, 58-59, 62-63
ISACA, CRISC Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Database, 2022, QID 199 CRISC Practice Quiz and Exam Prep



Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason to establish the root cause of an IT security incident?

  1. Prepare a report for senior management.
  2. Assign responsibility and accountability for the incident.
  3. Update the risk register.
  4. Avoid recurrence of the incident.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The primary reason to establish the root cause of an IT security incident is to avoid recurrence of the incident. By identifying and addressing the underlying cause of the incident, the organization can prevent or reduce the likelihood of similar incidents in the future. This can also help to improve the security posture and resilience of the organization. The other options are not the primary reason, but they may be secondary or tertiary reasons. Preparing a report for senior management is an important step in communicating the incident and its impact, but it does not address the root cause. Assigning responsibility and accountability for the incident is a way to ensure that the appropriate actions are taken to remediate the incident and prevent recurrence, but it is not the reason to establish the root cause. Updating the risk register is a part of the risk management process, but it does not necessarily prevent recurrence of the incident. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, 7th Edition, Chapter 4: Risk Response and Reporting, Section 4.3:
Incident Management, p. 223-224.



After mapping generic risk scenarios to organizational security policies, the NEXT course of action should be to:

  1. record risk scenarios in the risk register for analysis.
  2. validate the risk scenarios for business applicability.
  3. reduce the number of risk scenarios to a manageable set.
  4. perform a risk analysis on the riskscenarios.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

According to the LDR514: Security Strategic Planning, Policy, and Leadership Course, after mapping generic risk scenarios to organizational security policies, the next course of action should be to validate the risk scenarios for business applicability. This is because generic risk scenarios are not specific to the organization's context, objectives, and environment, and they may not capture the unique threats, vulnerabilities, and impacts that the organization faces. Therefore, validating the risk scenarios for business applicability will help to ensure that the risk scenarios are relevant, realistic, and consistent with the organization's security policies. Validating the risk scenarios will also help to identify any gaps, overlaps, or conflicts between the risk scenarios and the security policies, and to resolve themaccordingly. References = LDR514: Security Strategic Planning, Policy, and Leadership Course, Risk Assessment and Analysis Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative



Which of the following provides the BEST measurement of an organization's risk management maturity level?

  1. Level of residual risk
  2. The results of a gap analysis
  3. ITalignment to business objectives
  4. Key risk indicators (KRIs)

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Risk management maturity level is the degree to which an organization has developed and implemented a systematic and proactive approach to managing the risks that it faces across its various functions, processes, and activities. Risk management maturity level reflects the organization's risk culture and capability, and its alignment with its objectives and strategies1.
The best measurement of an organization's risk management maturity level is the key risk indicators (KRIs), which are metrics or measures that provide information on the current or potential exposure and performance of the organization in relation to specific risks. KRIs can help to:
Monitor and track the changes or trends in the risk level and the risk response over time Identify and alert the risk issues or events that require attention or action Evaluate and report the effectiveness and efficiency of the risk management processes and practices
Support and inform the risk decision making and improvement23 KRIs can be classified into different types, such as:
Leading KRIs, which are forward-looking and predictive, and indicate the likelihood or probability of a risk event occurring in the future Lagging KRIs, which are backward-looking and descriptive, and indicate the impact or consequence of a risk event that has already occurred Quantitative KRIs, which are numerical or measurable, and indicate the magnitude or severity of a risk event or outcome
Qualitative KRIs, which are descriptive or subjective, and indicate the nature or characteristics of a risk event or outcome4
The other options are not the best measurements of an organization's risk management maturity level, but rather some of the factors or outcomes of it. Level of residual risk is the level of risk that remains after the risk response has been implemented. Level of residual risk reflects the effectiveness and efficiency of the risk response, and the need for further action or monitoring. The results of a gap analysis are the differences between the current and the desired state of the risk management processes and practices. The results of a gap analysis reflect the completeness and coverage of the risk management activities, and the areas for improvement or enhancement. IT alignment to business objectives is the extent to which IT supports and enables the achievement of the organization's goals and strategies. IT alignment to business objectives reflects the integration and coordination of the IT and business functions, and the optimization of the IT value and performance. References = Risk Maturity Assessment Explained | Risk Maturity Model Key Risk Indicators - ISACA
Key Risk Indicators: What They Are and How to Use Them Key Risk Indicators: Types and Examples
[CRISC Review Manual, 7th Edition]



It was discovered that a service provider's administrator was accessing sensitive information without the approval of the customer in an Infrastructure as a Service (laaS) model.
Which of the following would BEST protect against a future recurrence?

  1. Data encryption
  2. Intrusion prevention system (IPS)
  3. Two-factor authentication
  4. Contractual requirements

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The best option to protect against a future recurrence of unauthorized access by a service provider's administrator is D. Contractual requirements. Data encryption, intrusion prevention system, and two-factor authentication are all technical measures that can enhance the security of the data stored in the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model, but they do not prevent the service provider's administrator from accessing the data if they have the necessary credentials, keys, or permissions. Contractual requirements, on the other hand, are legal obligations that bind the service provider to respect the customer's privacy and confidentiality, and to limit the access tothe data to only authorized and necessary personnel. Contractual requirements can also specify the penalties or remedies for any breach of contract, which can deter the service provider's administrator from violating the terms of the agreement. Therefore, contractual requirements are the most effective way to protect against a future recurrence of unauthorized access by a service provider's administrator12
1: What is Data Encryption? | Forcepoint 2: The elements of a contract: understanding contract requirements - Juro



Which of the following should be the PRIMARY basis for prioritizing risk responses?

  1. The impact of the risk
  2. The replacement cost of the business asset
  3. The cost of risk mitigation controls
  4. The classification of the business asset

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The primary basis for prioritizing risk responses is the impact of the risk. The impact of the risk is the consequence or effect of the risk on the organization's objectives or operations, such as financial loss, reputational damage, operational disruption, or legal liability. The impact of therisk is one of the key dimensions of risk analysis, along with the likelihood of the risk. The impact of the risk helps to determine the severity and priority of the risk, and to select the most appropriate and effective risk response. The impact of the risk also helps to evaluate the cost-benefit and trade-off of the risk response, and to measure the residual risk and the risk performance. The other options are not the primary basis for prioritizing risk responses, although they may be considered or influenced by the impact of the risk. The replacement cost of the business asset, the cost of risk mitigation controls, and the classification of the business asset are all factors that could affect the value or importance of the business asset, but they do not necessarily reflect the impact of the risk on the business asset or the organization. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, Chapter 4, Section 4.3.1, page 4-25.



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