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Free SSCP Exam Braindumps (page: 91)

Page 91 of 269
PDF with 1074 Questions

Risk reduction in a system development life-cycle should be applied:

  1. Mostly to the initiation phase.
  2. Mostly to the development phase.
  3. Mostly to the disposal phase.
  4. Equally to all phases.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Risk is defined as the combination of the probability that a particular threat source will exploit, or trigger, a particular information system vulnerability and the resulting mission impact should this occur. Previously, risk avoidance was a common IT security goal. That changed as the nature of the risk became better understood. Today, it is recognized that elimination of all risk is not cost-effective. A cost-benefit analysis should be conducted for each proposed control. In some cases, the benefits of a more secure system may not justify the direct and indirect costs. Benefits include more than just prevention of monetary loss; for example, controls may be essential for maintaining public trust and confidence. Direct costs include the cost of purchasing and installing a given technology; indirect costs include decreased system performance and additional training. The goal is to enhance mission/business capabilities by managing mission/business risk to an acceptable level.


Reference:

STONEBURNER, Gary & al, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), NIST Special Publication 800-27, Engineering Principles for Information Technology Security (A Baseline for Achieving Security), June 2001 (page 8).



Which of the following phases of a system development life-cycle is most concerned with maintaining proper authentication of users and processes to ensure appropriate access control decisions?

  1. Development/acquisition
  2. Implementation
  3. Operation/Maintenance
  4. Initiation

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The operation phase of an IT system is concerned with user authentication.
Authentication is the process where a system establishes the validity of a transmission, message, or a means of verifying the eligibility of an individual, process, or machine to carry out a desired action, thereby ensuring that security is not compromised by an untrusted source.
It is essential that adequate authentication be achieved in order to implement security policies and achieve security goals. Additionally, level of trust is always an issue when dealing with cross- domain interactions. The solution is to establish an authentication policy and apply it to cross- domain interactions as required.


Reference:

STONEBURNER, Gary & al, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), NIST Special Publication 800-27, Engineering Principles for Information Technology Security (A Baseline for Achieving Security), June 2001 (page 15).



What can be defined as: It confirms that users' needs have been met by the supplied solution ?

  1. Accreditation
  2. Certification
  3. Assurance
  4. Acceptance

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Acceptance confirms that users' needs have been met by the supplied solution.
Verification and Validation informs Acceptance by establishing the evidence ­ set against acceptance criteria - to determine if the solution meets the users' needs. Acceptance should also explicitly address any integration or interoperability requirements involving other equipment or systems. To enable acceptance every user and system requirement must have a 'testable' characteristic.
Accreditation is the formal acceptance of security, adequacy, authorization for operation and acceptance of existing risk. Accreditation is the formal declaration by a Designated Approving Authority (DAA) that an IS is approved to operate in a particular security mode using a prescribed set of safeguards to an acceptable level of risk.
Certification is the formal testing of security safeguards and assurance is the degree of confidence that the implemented security measures work as intended. The certification is a Comprehensive evaluation of the technical and nontechnical security features of an IS and other safeguards, made in support of the accreditation process, to establish the extent to which a particular design and implementation meets a set of specified ecurity requirements.
Assurance is the descriptions of the measures taken during development and evaluation of the product to assure compliance with the claimed security functionality. For example, an evaluation may require that all source code is kept in a change management system, or that full functional testing is performed. The Common Criteria provides a catalogue of these, and the requirements may vary from one evaluation to the next. The requirements for particular targets or types of products are documented in the Security Targets (ST) and Protection Profiles (PP), respectively.


Reference:

ROTHKE, Ben, CISSP CBK Review presentation on domain 4, August 1999.
and
Official ISC2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Second Edition, on page 211.
and
http://www.aof.mod.uk/aofcontent/tactical/randa/content/randaintroduction.htm



Which of the following statements pertaining to the security kernel is incorrect?

  1. The security kernel is made up of mechanisms that fall under the TCB and implements and enforces the reference monitor concept.
  2. The security kernel must provide isolation for the processes carrying out the reference monitor concept and they must be tamperproof.
  3. The security kernel must be small enough to be able to be tested and verified in a complete and comprehensive manner.
  4. The security kernel is an access control concept, not an actual physical component.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The reference monitor, not the security kernel is an access control concept.
The security kernel is made up of software, and firmware components that fall within the TCB and implements and enforces the reference monitor concept. The security kernel mediates all access and functions between subjects and objects. The security kernel is the core of the TCB and is the most commonly used approach to building trusted computing systems.
There are three main requirements of the security kernel:
· It must provide isolation for the processes carrying out the reference monitor concept, and the processes must be tamperproof.
· It must be invoked for every access attempt and must be impossible to circumvent. Thus, the security kernel must be implemented in a complete and foolproof way. · It must be small enough to be able to be tested and verified in a complete and comprehensive manner.
The following answers are incorrect:
The security kernel is made up of mechanisms that fall under the TCB and implements and enforces the reference monitor concept. Is incorrect because this is the definition of the security kernel.
The security kernel must provide isolation for the processes carrying out the reference monitor concept and they must be tamperproof. Is incorrect because this is one of the three requirements that make up the security kernel.
The security kernel must be small enough to be able to be tested and verified in a complete and comprehensive manner. Is incorrect because this is one of the three requirements that make up the security kernel.



Page 91 of 269



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