In the Bell-LaPadula model, the Star-property is also called:
Answer(s): B
The Bell-LaPadula model focuses on data confidentiality and access to classified information, in contrast to the Biba Integrity Model which describes rules for the protection of data integrity.In this formal model, the entities in an information system are divided into subjects and objects.The notion of a "secure state" is defined, and it is proven that each state transition preserves security by moving from secure state to secure state, thereby proving that the system satisfies the security objectives of the model.The Bell-LaPadula model is built on the concept of a state machine with a set of allowable states in a system. The transition from one state to another state is defined by transition functions.A system state is defined to be "secure" if the only permitted access modes of subjects to objects are in accordance with a security policy.To determine whether a specific access mode is allowed, the clearance of a subject is compared to the classification of the object (more precisely, to the combination of classification and set of compartments, making up the security level) to determine if the subject is authorized for the specific access mode.The clearance/classification scheme is expressed in terms of a lattice. The model defines two mandatory access control (MAC) rules and one discretionary access control (DAC) rule with three security properties:The Simple Security Property - a subject at a given security level may not read an object at a higher security level (no read-up).The property (read "star"-property) - a subject at a given security level must not write to any object at a lower security level (no write-down). The property is also known as the Confinement property.The Discretionary Security Property - use an access control matrix to specify the discretionaryaccess control.The transfer of information from a high-sensitivity document to a lower-sensitivity document may happen in the Bell-LaPadula model via the concept of trusted subjects. Trusted Subjects are not restricted by the property. Untrusted subjects are.Trusted Subjects must be shown to be trustworthy with regard to the security policy. This security model is directed toward access control and is characterized by the phrase: "no read up, no write down." Compare the Biba model, the Clark-Wilson model and the Chinese Wall.With Bell-LaPadula, users can create content only at or above their own security level (i.e. secret researchers can create secret or top-secret files but may not create public files; no write-down). Conversely, users can view content only at or below their own security level (i.e. secret researchers can view public or secret files, but may not view top-secret files; no read-up).Strong PropertyThe Strong Property is an alternative to the Property in which subjects may write to objects with only a matching security level. Thus, the write-up operation permitted in the usual Property is not present, only a write-to-same level operation. The Strong Property is usually discussed in the context of multilevel database management systems and is motivated by integrity concerns.Tranquility principleThe tranquility principle of the Bell-LaPadula model states that the classification of a subject or object does not change while it is being referenced. There are two forms to the tranquility principle:the "principle of strong tranquility" states that security levels do not change during the normal operation of the system and the "principle of weak tranquility" states that security levels do not change in a way that violates the rules of a given security policy.Another interpretation of the tranquility principles is that they both apply only to the period of time during which an operation involving an object or subject is occurring. That is, the strong tranquility principle means that an object's security level/label will not change during an operation (such as read or write); the weak tranquility principle means that an object's security level/label may change in a way that does not violate the security policy during an operation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biba_Modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discretionary_access_control http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark-Wilson_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewer_and_Nash_model
An attack initiated by an entity that is authorized to access system resources but uses them in a way not approved by those who granted the authorization is known as a(n):
Answer(s): C
An inside attack is an attack initiated by an entity inside the security perimeter, an entity that is authorized to access system resources but uses them in a way not approved by those who granted the authorization whereas an outside attack is initiated from outside the perimeter, by an unauthorized or illegitimate user of the system. An active attack attempts to alter system resources to affect their operation and a passive attack attempts to learn or make use of the information from the system but does not affect system resources.
SHIREY, Robert W., RFC2828: Internet Security Glossary, may 2000.
Which of the following can be defined as a framework that supports multiple, optional authentication mechanisms for PPP, including cleartext passwords, challenge-response, and arbitrary dialog sequences?
Answer(s): A
RFC 2828 (Internet Security Glossary) defines the Extensible Authentication Protocol as a framework that supports multiple, optional authentication mechanisms for PPP, including cleartext passwords, challenge-response, and arbitrary dialog sequences. It is intended for use primarily by a host or router that connects to a PPP network server via switched circuits ordial-up lines. The Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is defined as an Internet protocol for carrying dial-in user's authentication information and configuration information between a shared, centralized authentication server and a network access server that needs to authenticate the users of its network access ports. The other option is a distracter.
What is a common problem when using vibration detection devices for perimeter control?
Vibration sensors are similar and are also implemented to detect forced entry. Financial institutions may choose to implement these types of sensors on exterior walls, where bank robbers may attempt to drive a vehicle through. They are also commonly used around the ceiling and flooring of vaults to detect someone trying to make an unauthorized bank withdrawal.Such sensors are proned to false positive. If there is a large truck with heavy equipment driving by it may trigger the sensor. The same with a storm with thunder and lighting, it may trigger the alarm even thou there are no adversarial threat or disturbance.The following are incorrect answers:All of the other choices are incorrect.
Harris, Shon (2012-10-18). CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (pp. 495-496). McGraw-Hill . Kindle Edition.
Which of the following security controls might force an operator into collusion with personnelassigned organizationally within a different function in order to gain access to unauthorized data?
The questions specifically said: "within a different function" which eliminate Job Rotation as a choice.Management monitoring of audit logs is a detective control and it would not prevent collusion.Changing passwords regularly would not prevent such attack.This question validates if you understand the concept of separation of duties and least privilege. By having operators that have only the minimum access level they need and only what they need to do their duties within a company, the operations personnel would be force to use collusion to defeat those security mechanism.
TIPTON, Hal, (ISC)2, Introduction to the CISSP Exam presentation.
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