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Free LPI 102-500 Exam Questions (page: 5)

Page 5 of 31
PDF with 234 Questions

What benefit does an alias in bash provide?

  1. It provides faster lookups for commands in the system directory.
  2. It creates a local copy of a file from another directory.
  3. It hides what command you are running from others.
  4. It allows a string to be substituted for the first word of a simple command.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

An alias in bash provides the benefit of allowing a string to be substituted for the first word of a simple command. This means that you can create a shortcut or alternative name for a command that is already installed on your system, and use the new name to run the command instead of the original name. For example, you can create an alias for the ls -la command, which lists all files and directories in the current directory with detailed information, by running the following command:
alias ll='ls -la'
After defining the alias, you can use the ll command to execute the ls -la command. The alias will be active for the duration of the current shell session, unless you make it persistent by adding it to your shell startup file (such as ~/.bashrc for the Bash shell). The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:
A: An alias does not provide faster lookups for commands in the system directory. The system directory is where the executable files for the commands are stored, and the shell uses the PATH variable to search for them. An alias does not affect the PATH variable or the system directory.
B: An alias does not create a local copy of a file from another directory. An alias is a way to rename a command, not a file. To create a local copy of a file, you can use the cp command.
C: An alias does not hide what command you are running from others. An alias is a way to simplify the use of a command, not to conceal it. Anyone can see what command an alias represents by using the type command or the alias command without any arguments.


Reference:

LPI E - alias
105.1 Lesson 1 - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs How to Create Bash Aliases | Linuxize
How to create a permanent Bash alias on Linux/Unix - nixCraft bash - How do create an alias in shell scripts? - Stack Overflow



You are looking into a new script you received from your senior administrator. In the very first line you notice a #! followed by a file path. This indicates that:

  1. The file at that location was used to make the script.
  2. This script provides identical functionality as the file at that location.
  3. This script will self-extract into a file at that location.
  4. The program at that location will be used to process the script.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The #! followed by a file path is called a shebang or a hashbang. It is a special notation that tells the operating system which interpreter to use to execute the script. For example, if the first line of a script is #!/bin/bash, it means that the script will be run by the Bash shell, which is located at /bin/bash. Similarly, if the first line of a script is #!/usr/bin/python3, it means that the script will be run by the Python 3 interpreter, which is located at /usr/bin/python3. The shebang must be the very first line of the script, and it must start with #! without any spaces. The file path after the #! must be an absolute path, not a relative path or a symbolic link. The shebang allows the script to be executed as a standalone program, without specifying the interpreter explicitly. For example, if a script named hello.sh has a shebang of #!/bin/bash, and it has the executable permission, it can be run as ./hello.sh instead of bash hello.sh. The shebang also allows the script to be associated with a specific interpreter, regardless of the default interpreter of the system or the user. For example, if a script named hello.py has a shebang of #!/usr/bin/python3, it will always be run by Python 3, even if the system or the user has Python 2 as the default Python interpreter. The shebang is not a comment, although it looks like one. It is a special instruction that is only recognized by the operating system when the script is executed. It is ignored by the interpreter when the script is read. Therefore, the shebang does not indicate that the file at that location was used to make the script, or that the script provides identical functionality as the file at that location, or that the script will self-extract into a file at that location. The correct answer is that the program at that location will be used to process the script. You can learn more about the shebang here1 and here2.



What keyword is missing from this code sample of a shell script?

____ i in *.txt; do echo $i done

  1. for
  2. loop
  3. until
  4. while

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The set command is used to display or modify the shell variables and functions in the current shell.
When used without any arguments, it prints the names and values of all shell variables, including environment variables and user-defined variables, in alphabetical order. The output also includes the shell options and the positional parameters. The set command can be used in any POSIX-compliant shell, such as bash, zsh, ksh, etc123.
The other options are not correct because:
env is used to print or modify the environment variables, not the shell variables. It does not show the user-defined variables or the shell options. It can also be used to run a command in a modified environment45.
env -a is an invalid option for the env command. The -a option is not supported by the env command in any standard or common implementation45.
echo $ENV is used to print the value of the environment variable ENV, not the list of all shell variables. The ENV variable is usually set to the name of a file that contains commands or aliases to be executed by the shell. It is mainly used by the ksh and some versions of bash .


Reference:

1: How can I list all shell variables? - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange 2: 2.1 Command Line Basics - Linux Professional Institute Certification ... 3: set - The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 edition 4: How to set and list environment variables on Linux 5: env - The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 edition : What is the difference between .bash_profile and .bashrc? - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange : ENV - The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 edition



What word is missing from the following SQL statement?

__________ count(*) from tablename;

(Please specify the missing word using lower-case letters only.)

  1. select

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The missing word is select, which is the keyword used to query data from a table in SQL. The select statement has the following syntax:
select column_list from table_name where condition;
The column_list can be one or more columns separated by commas, or an asterisk () to indicate all columns. The table_name is the name of the table that contains the dat a. The where clause is optional and specifies a condition to filter the rows. The count() function is an aggregate function that returns the number of rows in the table or in a group. Therefore, the complete statement is:
select count(*) from tablename;

This statement will return the number of rows in the table named tablename.


Reference:

SQL COUNT() Function - W3Schools, SQL COUNT: The Ultimate Guide To SQL COUNT Function - SQL Tutorial, The SQL Count Function Explained With 7 Examples.



Which file used by XDM specifies the default wallpaper?

  1. /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup
  2. /etc/X11/xdm.conf
  3. /etc/X11/xdm/Defaults
  4. /etc/X11/defaults.conf

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The file that specifies the default wallpaper for XDM is /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup. XDM is a display manager for the X Window System that provides a graphical login screen and manages user sessions. The /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup file is executed when XDM starts the X server and before any user login or session starts. This file can be used to configure the X server, set X resources, and perform any other system-wide setup tasks, such as setting the wallpaper. To set the wallpaper, one can use a command like qiv -z /usr/local/share/backgrounds/wallpaper.jpg in the /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup file, where qiv is an image viewer and /usr/local/share/backgrounds/wallpaper.jpg is the path to the desired wallpaper image1.
The other options are not correct/etc/X11/xdm.conf is the configuration file for XDM, which specifies how XDM should behave, such as the access control, the login window, and the session types2/etc/X11/xdm/Defaults is the directory where the default XDM configuration files are stored, such as Xresources, Xsession, and Xwilling2. /etc/X11/defaults.conf is not a valid file or directory related to XDM or X Window System.


Reference:

XDM - ArchWiki
Configuring XDM - Linux Documentation Project



Which command can be used to investigate the properties for a particular window in X by clicking that window? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

  1. /usr/bin/xwininfo,
    Xwininfo

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The command that can be used to investigate the properties for a particular window in X by clicking that window is xwininfo. xwininfo is a command-line tool that provides information about X windows.
When executed, it opens a small window and waits for the user to select a window by clicking on it. Then, it displays various characteristics about the window in question, such as its geometry, position, size, depth, class, name, id, and more. xwininfo is part of the X Window System, which is a graphical user interface system for Unix-like operating systems. xwininfo can be useful for debugging, testing, or scripting purposes.


Reference:

https://bing.com/search?q=command+to+investigate+properties+of+a+windo w+in+X
https://www.exam-answer.com/linux-foundation-certified-system-administrator-lfcs-simulation- investigate-window-properties



The X11 configuration file xorg.conf is grouped into sections. How is the content of the section SectionName associated with that section?

  1. It is placed in curly brackets as in Section SectionName { ... }.
  2. It is placed between a line containing Section "SectionName" and a line containing EndSection.
  3. It is placed between the tags <Section name="SectionName"> and </Section>
  4. It is placed after the row [SectionName].
  5. It is placed after an initial unindented Section "SectionName" and must be indented by exactly one tab character.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The X11 configuration file xorg.conf is grouped into sections, and the content of the section SectionName is associated with that section by placing it between a line containing Section "SectionName" and a line containing EndSection. For example, the following is a section named ServerLayout that defines the layout of the X server:
Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "X.org Configured" Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0 InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" EndSection The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:
A: Curly brackets are not used to delimit sections in xorg.conf. They are used to enclose values that are lists, such as Option "XkbLayout" "{us,fr}".
C: Tags are not used to delimit sections in xorg.conf. They are used in XML files, which have a different syntax and structure than xorg.conf.
D: Rows are not used to delimit sections in xorg.conf. They are used to define key-value pairs within a section, such as Identifier "Screen0".
E: Indentation is not required to delimit sections in xorg.conf. It is used to improve readability and clarity, but it does not affect the functionality of the file.


Reference:

xorg.conf - X Window System
Editing basics for the xorg.conf file - Linux.com
106.1 Lesson 1 - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs



What is the purpose of a screen reader?

  1. It reads text displayed on the screen to blind or visually impaired people.
  2. It reads the parameters of the attached monitors and creates an appropriate X11 configuration.
  3. It displays lines and markers to help people use speed reading techniques.
  4. It manages and displays files that contain e-books.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

A screen reader is a form of assistive technology that renders text and image content as speech or braille output. Screen readers are essential to people who are blind, and are useful to people who are visually impaired, illiterate, or have a learning disability. Linux has several screen readers available, such as Orca, Speakup, and Emacspeak. These screen readers can help users interact with the graphical or console interface, read documents and web pages, and perform various tasks on the system.


Reference:

Screen reader - Wikipedia
Orca Screen Reader - GNOME
Accessibility in Linux is good (but could be much better)



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