When teaching a class of nursing students, the nurse asks why the embryonic period (weeks 48) of pregnancy is so critical.
Answer(s): B
(A) Duplication of genetic material occurs during the preembryonic period (weeks 13) following conception. The exact duplication of genetic material is essential for cell differentiation, growth, and biological maintenance of the organism. (B) Weeks 48, known as the embryonic period, are the time organogenesis occurs and pose the greatest potential for major congenital malformations. All major internal and external organs and systems are formed. (C) Subcutaneous fat does not develop until the latter weeks of gestation. (D) Kidneys begin to secrete urine during the 13th16th week.
The most appropriate method of evaluating whether the diet of a child with cystic fibrosis is meeting his caloric needs is:
Answer(s): A
(A) Consistent weight gain, even if it is slow, is an indication that the child is eating and digesting sufficient calories. (B) Recording how much the child eats is useful, but it is not an indicator of how well his body is using the foods consumed. (C) Counting calories will indicate how much he is eating, but it will not reflect whether or not the foods are properly digested. (D) Keeping track of the enzyme intake will indicate compliance with medication but not whether the child is getting sufficient calories.
A client has been admitted to the nursing unit with the diagnosis of severe anemia. She is slightly short of breath, has episodes of dizziness, and complains her heart sometimes feels like it will "beat out of her chest." The physician has ordered her to receive 2 U of packed red blood cells. The most important nursing action to be taken is:
Answer(s): C
(A) An 18-gauge IV is an appropriate size for administering blood; however, client safety demands that the right blood product must be administered. (B) The consent form is legally necessary to be on the chart, but client safety is maintained by giving the correct blood component to the correct client. (C) Administering the correct blood product to the correct client will maintain physiological safety and minimize transfusion reactions. (D) The blood administration should take place over the ordered time frame designated by the physician.
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