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NCLEX NCLEX-RN Exam Questions
National Council Licensure Examination - NCLEX-RN (Page 26 )

Updated On: 24-Feb-2026
Page 26 of 345
PDF with 862 Questions

Which of the following risk factors associated with breast cancer would a nurse consider most significant in a client's history?

  1. Menarche after age 13
  2. Nulliparity
  3. Maternal family history of breast cancer
  4. Early menopause

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

(A) Women who begin menarche late (after 13 years old) have a lower risk of developing breast cancer than women who have begun earlier. Average age for menarche is 12.5 years. (B) Women who have never been pregnant have an increased risk for breast cancer, but a positive family history poses an even greater risk. (C) A positive family history puts a woman at an increased risk of developing breast cancer. It is recommended that mammography screening begin 5 years before the age at which an immediate female relative was diagnosed with breast cancer. (D) Early menopause decreases the risk of developing breast cancer.



Which of the following risk factors associated with breast cancer would a nurse consider most significant in a client's history?

  1. Menarche after age 13
  2. Nulliparity
  3. Maternal family history of breast cancer
  4. Early menopause

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

(A) Women who begin menarche late (after 13 years old) have a lower risk of developing breast cancer than women who have begun earlier. Average age for menarche is 12.5 years. (B) Women who have never been pregnant have an increased risk for breast cancer, but a positive family history poses an even greater risk. (C) A positive family history puts a woman at an increased risk of developing breast cancer. It is recommended that mammography screening begin 5 years before the age at which an immediate female relative was diagnosed with breast cancer. (D) Early menopause decreases the risk of developing breast cancer.



The nurse should know that according to current thinking, the most important prognostic factor for a client with breast cancer is:

  1. Tumor size
  2. Axillary node status
  3. Client's previous history of disease
  4. Client's level of estrogen-progesterone receptor assays

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

(A) Although tumor size is a factor in classification of cancer growth, it is not an indicator of lymph node spread. (B) Axillary node status is the most important indicator for predicting how far the cancer has spread. If the lymph nodes are positive for cancer cells, the prognosis is poorer. (C) The client's previous history of cancer puts her at an increased risk for breast cancer recurrence, especially if the cancer occurred in the other breast. It does not predict prognosis, however. (D) The estrogen-progesterone assay test is used to identify present tumors being fedfrom an estrogen site within the body. Some breast cancers grow rapidly as long as there is an estrogen supply such as from the ovaries. The estrogen-progesterone assay test does not indicate the prognosis.



The nurse should know that according to current thinking, the most important prognostic factor for a client with breast cancer is:

  1. Tumor size
  2. Axillary node status
  3. Client's previous history of disease
  4. Client's level of estrogen-progesterone receptor assays

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

(A) Although tumor size is a factor in classification of cancer growth, it is not an indicator of lymph node spread. (B) Axillary node status is the most important indicator for predicting how far the cancer has spread. If the lymph nodes are positive for cancer cells, the prognosis is poorer. (C) The client's previous history of cancer puts her at an increased risk for breast cancer recurrence, especially if the cancer occurred in the other breast. It does not predict prognosis, however. (D) The estrogen-progesterone assay test is used to identify present tumors being fedfrom an estrogen site within the body. Some breast cancers grow rapidly as long as there is an estrogen supply such as from the ovaries. The estrogen-progesterone assay test does not indicate the prognosis.



To appropriately monitor therapy and client progress, the nurse should be aware that increased myocardial work and O2 demand will occur with which of the following?

  1. Positive inotropic therapy
  2. Negative chronotropic therapy
  3. Increase in balance of myocardial O2 supply and demand
  4. Afterload reduction therapy

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

(A) Inotropic therapy will increase contractility, which will increase myocardial O2 demand. (B) Decreased heart rate to the point of bradycardia will increase coronary artery filling time. This should be used cautiously because tachycardia may be a compensatory mechanism to increase cardiac output. (C) The goal in the care of the MI client with angina is to maintain a balance between myocardial O2 supply and demand. (D) Decrease in systemic vascular resistance by drug therapy, such as IV nitroglycerin or nitroprusside, or intra-aortic balloon pump therapy, would decrease myocardial work and O2 demand.






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