QUESTION: 25

Choose the correct answer :

Consider the following diagram:

Which statement is true about the diagram?

Within G you may refer to v:K by gh.H::v. .
From within H it is impossible to reach the v within G.
The package Pckg cannot have two definitions of v as shown in the diagram.
v will indicate different elements depending on where you refer to v within Pckg

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The diagram you provided shows two classes, G and H, which are within a package named Pckg. Each class has an attribute named 'v' with different visibility and type indicators. The attribute 'v' in class G has visibility 'private' (denoted by '-'), and in class H, it is 'protected' (denoted by '#'). This suggests that the scope of each 'v' is limited to its respective class. Therefore, when you refer to 'v' within the package, its meaning depends on the context or the namespace from which it's accessed.

Reference:

UML 2.x Superstructure Specification: This defines the rules for scopes and namespaces in UML. It clarifies how elements with the same name can coexist in different namespaces and how their references would differ based on the context.

UML 2.x Infrastructure Specification: Provides the foundational concepts for UML, including the semantics of structured classifiers and namespaces which pertain to the interpretation of the 'v' attribute in different classes.

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QUESTION: 26

Choose the correct answer :

Given the diagram fragment below:

What are the possible values for the attribute response in the class Query?

Maybe
Yes. No, Maybe
There is insufficient information to determine the answer.
The diagram is not legal UML

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The second diagram fragment you provided includes two enumeration types, YesNo and Answer, where YesNo is a generalization of Answer. The class Query has an attribute 'response' of type Answer. Given that YesNo is a generalization of Answer, the possible values for 'response' include the literals of Answer plus those inherited from YesNo. Since Answer includes 'Maybe', and YesNo includes 'Yes' and 'No', all three are valid values for 'response'.

Reference:

UML 2.x Superstructure Specification: Discusses attributes and their types, the concept of generalization, and how attributes of a generalized type can take on values from their own literals as well as those from their parent in the hierarchy.

UML 2.x Infrastructure Specification: Explains the foundational modeling constructs related to enumeration, classes, and attributes, which provides the basis for determining the legal values of an attribute based on its type's enumeration literals.

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QUESTION: 27

Choose the correct answer : Consider the following diagram:

Is this diagram valid?

No, because a DataType cannot have Associations to a Class.
No, because a DataType cannot have Operations.
No, because a DataType cannot have Attributes.
Yes, it is formally correct.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The provided diagram depicts a DataType named Route with operations, attributes, and associations to a Class named City. In UML, a DataType is a type of classifier that specifies the values that do not have identity (i.e., are not distinguishable from other objects). DataTypes may contain Attributes and Operations, so options B and C are incorrect.

However, DataTypes should not have associations to Classes because DataTypes are meant to be value types without identity, and associations typically imply a relationship between instances (which have identity). Thus, the presence of associations from Route to City is not consistent with the definition of a DataType.

Reference:

UML 2.x Superstructure Specification: Sections on Classifiers and DataTypes provide definitions of what constitutes a DataType and what features they can have. They specifically mention that DataTypes are kinds of classifiers that do not have identity and are often used to type attributes.

UML 2.x Infrastructure Specification: This foundational document gives additional context on the semantics of different types of classifiers, including DataTypes, and how they relate to other elements in a UML model.

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QUESTION: 28

Choose the correct answer :

Consider the following class diagram:

Which object diagram corresponds to it?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The question asks to identify which object diagram corresponds to the provided class diagram. In order to verify which object diagram is correct, we must look at the class diagram to understand the relationships and multiplicities between the classes, and then match these with the objects and links in the object diagrams.

The class diagram (not visible in your query but implied to be the reference for the object diagrams provided) must contain three classes, A, B, and C, with specific multiplicity relationships among them. Here's how we deduce the correct object diagram:

Multiplicity between A and C is "1..2", which means that for each instance of A there must be one or two links to instances of C.

Multiplicity between B and C is "0..2", which means that for each instance of B there are zero, one, or two links to instances of C.

Multiplicity between A and B is "0..1", which indicates that for each instance of A there can be zero or one link to an instance of B.

With these rules, we analyze the object diagrams:

Option A has one instance of A linked to two instances of C, which is correct according to the "1..2" multiplicity. However, there are two instances of B (b1 and b2) each linked to a single instance of C (c1), which violates the "0..2" multiplicity rule because it implies there should be two links from c1 to the B instances (b1 and b2) but instead, there are two separate links to the same instance of C (c1), which is not allowed.

Option B has similar issues where two instances of A (a2 and a1) are linked to a single instance of C, which violates the "1..2" multiplicity rule.

Option C shows each instance of A and B linked to their own separate instances of C. This violates the "1..2" multiplicity between A and C since there is only one link from A to C and does not show the possibility of two links which the multiplicity "1..2" would allow.

Option D shows a single instance of A linked to two instances of C (c1 and c2), which satisfies the "1..2" multiplicity. Additionally, there is a single instance of B linked to one of the instances of C (c1), satisfying the "0..2" multiplicity. The A instance has no direct link to the B instance, which is allowed because the "0..1" multiplicity permits zero links between instances of A and B.

Based on this analysis, the only object diagram that satisfies all the multiplicity constraints of the class diagram is Option D.

The verification of the answer can be cross-checked with the UML 2 Foundation documentation, specifically in the section dealing with object diagrams and their correlation with class diagrams, which will confirm that object diagrams represent instances of classes and must comply with the multiplicities defined in the class diagram they are derived from. Multiplicity notation and interpretation are fundamental concepts in UML and are well documented in the UML specification by the Object Management Group (OMG).

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