QUESTION: 565 Topic Exam C: Section 3 (science)

Lorna noticed that the amount of time needed to boil water was related to the shape of container she was using. She decided to measure the time necessary to bring 500 ml of water at room temperature to a boil on preheated hotplates. She used five cylindrical 500 milliliter Pyrex glass containers, each having the same wall thickness but a different base radius and height. In other words, some containers were narrow and long, others were wide and shallow. This is the table she prepared to record her data.

She placed each container containing the same amount of water on a hotplate, and placed a thermometer in each one to monitor the temperature. She noticed that the temperature was increasing faster in the containers with a larger radius. After some time, she observed boiling in the 10 cm radius container. She was about to record the time in the table she had set up, but noticed that there seemed to be less water in that container than she originally put in. She transferred the water into a graduated cylinder, and indeed found that the volume was below 300 ml. She proceeded with her experiment. The boiling in container 5 was followed by boiling in containers 4, 3, 2, and 1, in that order. Lorna checked the volume of the water in each container and found that it was lower than 300 ml. She also found that the decrease in volume was highest in the container with the largest radius. In container 1, volume decrease was barely detectable. While the decrease in volumes prevented her from getting meaningful data on boiling, they gave her an idea of how container shapes affect boiling times. In addition, she got an idea for her next project evaporation from containers of different shapes.

300 ml of water, placed in a 7.0 cm radius container, and heated as the rest of the water in the experiment described in the text would most likely boil after:

the water in container 2.
the water in container 3.
the water in container 4.
the water in container 5.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Looking at the unfilled table provided in the text, a container with a 7.0 cm radius has a radius that is smaller than that of container 5, but larger than that of container 4. That tells you that the order in which the water in the 7.0 cm radius container boiled would be between container 5 and container 4. In the text you were told that container 5 boiled first, so the container with a 7.0 cm radius would boil after the water in container 5.

Reveal Solution Next Question

QUESTION: 566 Topic Exam C: Section 3 (science)

Why does an arrow shot from a bow eventually hit the ground?

Impetus Theory

The ancient theory of impetus was used to explain why objects continue to move even when they were no longer acted on, for example, an arrow shot by a bow. The theory of impetus says that the bow imparts a certain amount of the property of motion to the arrow. This property of motion is called impetus. Impetus is then a property of the bow that is imparted to the arrow. This is what causes the arrow to fly through the air. According to the theory of impetus, only a limited amount of motion is imparted to the arrow by the bow. Once this runs out, the arrow will fall abruptly to the ground. You can think of this theory as being similar to a gas tank. The action of the bow fills the tank of the arrow with a certain amount of "motion" or impetus; once the tank is empty the arrow doesn't move anymore. Furthermore, this theory predicts that the impetus is used up at a steady rate. So, when it runs out, it runs out abruptly. This yields the prediction that when the arrow uses up the impetus imparted to it by the bow it will stop in midair and then fall straight down to earth. For an object to continue moving forever in a straight line the impetus theory predicts that it would have to be given an infinite amount of impetus.

Inertia Theory

Inertia is the property of an object to remain at rest or in motion with constant velocity unless acted on by a net force. According to the theory of inertia, an arrow will continue to move in its state of motion with constant velocity unless acted on by a force. The force in this case is the gravity of the Earth acting on the arrow. The force of gravity gradually causes the arrow to fall toward the earth as it travels horizontally, which means the arrow follows a parabolic path. Finally, according to the theory of inertia, if an object is not acted on by a net force, it would continue moving forever in a straight line at constant velocity.

In which theory is the reason the arrow continues to move a property of the arrow itself and not something given to it by the bow?

the impetus theory
the inertia theory
both the impetus and the inertia theories
neither the impetus nor the inertia theories

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

In the impetus theory, impetus is a property of the object imparting the motion. In the theory of inertia, the property of inertia is a property of the moving object itself.

Reveal Solution Next Question

QUESTION: 567 Topic Exam C: Section 3 (science)

Why does an arrow shot from a bow eventually hit the ground?

Impetus Theory

The ancient theory of impetus was used to explain why objects continue to move even when they were no longer acted on, for example, an arrow shot by a bow. The theory of impetus says that the bow imparts a certain amount of the property of motion to the arrow. This property of motion is called impetus. Impetus is then a property of the bow that is imparted to the arrow. This is what causes the arrow to fly through the air. According to the theory of impetus, only a limited amount of motion is imparted to the arrow by the bow. Once this runs out, the arrow will fall abruptly to the ground. You can think of this theory as being similar to a gas tank. The action of the bow fills the tank of the arrow with a certain amount of "motion" or impetus; once the tank is empty the arrow doesn't move anymore. Furthermore, this theory predicts that the impetus is used up at a steady rate. So, when it runs out, it runs out abruptly. This yields the prediction that when the arrow uses up the impetus imparted to it by the bow it will stop in midair and then fall straight down to earth. For an object to continue moving forever in a straight line the impetus theory predicts that it would have to be given an infinite amount of impetus.

Inertia Theory

Inertia is the property of an object to remain at rest or in motion with constant velocity unless acted on by a net force. According to the theory of inertia, an arrow will continue to move in its state of motion with constant velocity unless acted on by a force. The force in this case is the gravity of the Earth acting on the arrow. The force of gravity gradually causes the arrow to fall toward the earth as it travels horizontally, which means the arrow follows a parabolic path. Finally, according to the theory of inertia, if an object is not acted on by a net force, it would continue moving forever in a straight line at constant velocity.

Which theory would correctly predict the path of a projectile such as an arrow?

The impetus theory says the impetus runs out gradually at a decreasing rate. This would explain why the projectile follows a parabolic path.
The inertia theory says the inertia runs out gradually at a decreasing rate. This would explain why the projectile follows a parabolic path.
The impetus theory says the force of gravity is acting on the projectile causing its motion to change and creating the parabolic path.
The inertia theory says the force of gravity is acting on the projectile causing its motion to change and creating the parabolic path.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The theory of inertia correctly predicts the parabolic path of a projectile. This is because the projectile continues to move with constant velocity in the horizontal direction since there is no net force in the horizontal direction.
The net force in the vertical direction is the gravitational force of the earth on the object. This causes the object to fall toward the earth as it travels horizontally creating the parabolic path. In the impetus theory, however, the impetus of the projectile would run out abruptly which would then predict that the projectile should keep going in a straight line until it uses up the impetus and then it would be predicted to fall straight down.

Reveal Solution Next Question

QUESTION: 568 Topic Exam C: Section 3 (science)

Why does an arrow shot from a bow eventually hit the ground?

Impetus Theory

The ancient theory of impetus was used to explain why objects continue to move even when they were no longer acted on, for example, an arrow shot by a bow. The theory of impetus says that the bow imparts a certain amount of the property of motion to the arrow. This property of motion is called impetus. Impetus is then a property of the bow that is imparted to the arrow. This is what causes the arrow to fly through the air. According to the theory of impetus, only a limited amount of motion is imparted to the arrow by the bow. Once this runs out, the arrow will fall abruptly to the ground. You can think of this theory as being similar to a gas tank. The action of the bow fills the tank of the arrow with a certain amount of "motion" or impetus; once the tank is empty the arrow doesn't move anymore. Furthermore, this theory predicts that the impetus is used up at a steady rate. So, when it runs out, it runs out abruptly. This yields the prediction that when the arrow uses up the impetus imparted to it by the bow it will stop in midair and then fall straight down to earth. For an object to continue moving forever in a straight line the impetus theory predicts that it would have to be given an infinite amount of impetus.

Inertia Theory

Inertia is the property of an object to remain at rest or in motion with constant velocity unless acted on by a net force. According to the theory of inertia, an arrow will continue to move in its state of motion with constant velocity unless acted on by a force. The force in this case is the gravity of the Earth acting on the arrow. The force of gravity gradually causes the arrow to fall toward the earth as it travels horizontally, which means the arrow follows a parabolic path. Finally, according to the theory of inertia, if an object is not acted on by a net force, it would continue moving forever in a straight line at constant velocity.

Which of the following statements are true?

I). In the inertia theory, the net force acting on the arrow to cause it to slow down and fall to the earth is the force of the bow on the arrow.
II). In the impetus theory, the arrow gains an infinite amount of impetus and will never slow down and fall to the ground.
III). In the inertia theory, the net force acting on the arrow to cause it to slow down and fall to the earth is the force of gravity on the arrow.
IV). In the impetus theory, the impetus imparted to the arrow by the bow is used up and that is why the arrow falls to the ground.

I and II
II and III
III and IV
III only

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

According to the inertia theory, the net force that acts to slow down the arrow is the force of gravity on the arrow. The force of the bow on the arrow is what causes the arrow to begin moving. This means that selection I is false, the force of the bow on the arrow is not the net force acting to slow down the arrow, but selection III is true since the force of gravity is the net force acting to slow down the arrow according to the inertia theory.
Selection II indicates that the arrow receives an infinite amount of impetus, but according to the of the motion of the arrow using the impetus theory the arrow only receives a certain amount of impetus from the bow and when it uses up this impetus it will fall to the ground. This means selection II is false, but selection IV which says that the impetus imparted to the arrow by the bow is used up and that is why the arrow falls to the ground is true.

Reveal Solution Next Question

Free ACT Test Exam Braindumps (page: 142)

QUESTION: 565 Topic Exam C: Section 3 (science)

Explanation:

QUESTION: 566 Topic Exam C: Section 3 (science)

Explanation:

QUESTION: 567 Topic Exam C: Section 3 (science)

Explanation:

QUESTION: 568 Topic Exam C: Section 3 (science)

Explanation: