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Free ACT Test Exam Braindumps (page: 19)

Page 18 of 260
PDF with 1039 Questions

DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered <x>. The question will present alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".

Sigmund Freud

[§1] The father and originator of <1> psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud (1856­1939) is largely responsible for the way we understand ourselves, as creatures, with <2> conflicting "selves" and desires. Freud posited the notion that the mind is teeming with "psychic energy," and that our personality is shaped largely by the interactions of the levels of the mind. Among Freud's most important contributions to modern psychology and the contemporary understanding of the self is his theory of the unconscious.

[§2] (1) According to Freud, the mind is much like an iceberg. (2) Most of our mind's activities, then, occur beneath the surface, in the unconscious and beyond our knowing. (3) The conscious is the part of the mind of which we are aware; it is the tip of the iceberg that is visible above the water. (4) The unconscious, on the other hand, <3> is all that is below the surface ­ the thoughts, feelings, and desires that we are not aware of but that nonetheless affect our behavior.

[§3] Freud believed that the unconscious is deterministic. That is, our behaviors are caused (determined) by thoughts and impulses deep in our unconscious ­ of which thoughts and impulses we are not aware. <4> This is related to the phenomenon called "Freudian slip". <5> Unless we psychoanalyze ourselves, we may never be aware of the hidden reasons for our actions. This suggests that the notion of free will might have been <6>an illusion and that our choices are governed by hidden mental processes over which we have no control.

[§4] Repression is the act of pushing our conflicts to the unconscious. So that <7> we are no longer aware of them. It is our chief defense mechanism (a way to avoid conflict between our true desires and our sense of right and wrong). Freud believed that too much repression can lead to neurosis, a mental disorder resulting in depression or abnormal behavior, sometimes with physical symptoms but with no evidence of disease.

The author's use of italics is designed to do which of the following?

  1. indicate that a foreign language is being used
  2. call attention to Freud's genius
  3. create a more emotional tone
  4. highlight key terms that are defined in the text

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

A definition is offered after each italicized term.



DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered <x>. The question will present alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".

Sigmund Freud

[§1] The father and originator of <1> psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud (1856­1939) is largely responsible for the way we understand ourselves, as creatures, with <2> conflicting "selves" and desires. Freud posited the notion that the mind is teeming with "psychic energy," and that our personality is shaped largely by the interactions of the levels of the mind. Among Freud's most important contributions to modern psychology and the contemporary understanding of the self is his theory of the unconscious.

[§2] (1) According to Freud, the mind is much like an iceberg. (2) Most of our mind's activities, then, occur beneath the surface, in the unconscious and beyond our knowing. (3) The conscious is the part of the mind of which we are aware; it is the tip of the iceberg that is visible above the water. (4) The unconscious, on the other hand, <3> is all that is below the surface ­ the thoughts, feelings, and desires that we are not aware of but that nonetheless affect our behavior.

[§3] Freud believed that the unconscious is deterministic. That is, our behaviors are caused (determined) by thoughts and impulses deep in our unconscious ­ of which thoughts and impulses we are not aware. <4> This is related to the phenomenon called "Freudian slip". <5> Unless we psychoanalyze ourselves, we may never be aware of the hidden reasons for our actions. This suggests that the notion of free will might have been <6>an illusion and that our choices are governed by hidden mental processes over which we have no control.

[§4] Repression is the act of pushing our conflicts to the unconscious. So that <7> we are no longer aware of them. It is our chief defense mechanism (a way to avoid conflict between our true desires and our sense of right and wrong). Freud believed that too much repression can lead to neurosis, a mental disorder resulting in depression or abnormal behavior, sometimes with physical symptoms but with no evidence of disease.

Which of the following choices provides the most logical and effective transition from the third to the fourth paragraph?

  1. Sometimes the impulses for our behavior come from repressed desires.
  2. Another theory of Freud's is repression.
  3. Freud also believed in repression.
  4. Neurosis can be caused by repression to the unconscious.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

This connects the main ideas in each paragraph: the impulses that control behavior and repression.



DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered <x>. The question will present alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".

Yoga

[§1] One of today's hottest fads is also one of the world's oldest practices: the ancient art of yoga. At first, I thought yoga was just another fitness fad, like step aerobics classes or Tae Bo. But after my first class, I understood why yoga has lasted for thousands of years, and why so many people are completely into <1> this practice.

[§2] Yoga is different from other fitness activities because it is not only physical. In the correct form, <2> yoga is a practice of unification: an emotional, spiritual, and physical exercise.

[§3] Though it may seem easy to those who <3> have never practiced, yoga poses require great concentration, and they are surprisingly effective in stretching and strengthening muscles. A simple sitting pose such as staff pose, for example, requires you to tighten and lengthen stomach, back, and arm muscles as you stretch you're <4> legs out in front of you and place your hands by your side. More difficult poses, such as brave warrior, require you to balance on one leg and hold a pose that strengthens leg, back, and stomach muscles.

[§4] While yoga tones and strengthens the body, it also tones and strengthens the mind. Many poses can be only held <5>if you are completely focused on the task, and full benefit of the poses comes only through proper breathing. Concentrated, deep breathing during yoga helps you extend more fully into the poses, thereby gaining greater benefit from the stretch. And the steady circulation of breath through your body both calms and energizes.

[§5] I am still relatively new to yoga. I have only been practicing for one year. I am addicted to yoga <6> unlike any other physical activity because it is also a spiritual practice. Through yoga, I am able to release tensions that lodge in various parts of my body: the tight shoulders, the cramped legs, the belly that is in knots. <7> The physical release is also a spiritual release: I feel calm after doing yoga, reconnected to my body, reconnected to myself, more at peace with the world. After a series of asanas (poses), I feel the universal life force within.

<1>:

  1. NO CHANGE
  2. hooked on
  3. devoted to
  4. practitioners of

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

This is the most appropriate and precise word choice.



DIRECTIONS: In the passage below, certain phrases are underlined and numbered <x>. The question will present alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the passage as a whole. If you think the original version is the best, choose "NO CHANGE".

Yoga

[§1] One of today's hottest fads is also one of the world's oldest practices: the ancient art of yoga. At first, I thought yoga was just another fitness fad, like step aerobics classes or Tae Bo. But after my first class, I understood why yoga has lasted for thousands of years, and why so many people are completely into <1> this practice.

[§2] Yoga is different from other fitness activities because it is not only physical. In the correct form, <2> yoga is a practice of unification: an emotional, spiritual, and physical exercise.

[§3] Though it may seem easy to those who <3> have never practiced, yoga poses require great concentration, and they are surprisingly effective in stretching and strengthening muscles. A simple sitting pose such as staff pose, for example, requires you to tighten and lengthen stomach, back, and arm muscles as you stretch you're <4> legs out in front of you and place your hands by your side. More difficult poses, such as brave warrior, require you to balance on one leg and hold a pose that strengthens leg, back, and stomach muscles.

[§4] While yoga tones and strengthens the body, it also tones and strengthens the mind. Many poses can be only held <5>if you are completely focused on the task, and full benefit of the poses comes only through proper breathing. Concentrated, deep breathing during yoga helps you extend more fully into the poses, thereby gaining greater benefit from the stretch. And the steady circulation of breath through your body both calms and energizes.

[§5] I am still relatively new to yoga. I have only been practicing for one year. I am addicted to yoga <6> unlike any other physical activity because it is also a spiritual practice. Through yoga, I am able to release tensions that lodge in various parts of my body: the tight shoulders, the cramped legs, the belly that is in knots. <7> The physical release is also a spiritual release: I feel calm after doing yoga, reconnected to my body, reconnected to myself, more at peace with the world. After a series of asanas (poses), I feel the universal life force within.

<2>:

  1. NO CHANGE
  2. Done correctly
  3. To do it correctly
  4. OMIT the underlined portion

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The introductory phrase is most effective with the verb do, and this is the correct form to use.






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