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CFA® Level I Chartered Financial Analyst Questions 1976–1980 (page: 397)

Updated On: 9-Feb-2026

Which of the following is considered a characteristic of equity?

  1. None of these answers.
  2. All forms of equity must ultimately be repaid by a business.
  3. Compensation to the holders of equity takes precedence over that required to the holders of liabilities.
  4. Equity represents the residual ownership of a business.
  5. Equity represents a claim against a business that is senior to liabilities.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Equity refers to the claims of the owners of a business. Equity investors expose themselves to greater risk than the holders of liability claims because owner's claims are junior to liability instruments. Equity claims against income and assets are last in line; thus, they are residual.



The following information was obtained from the financial statements of Firm A:

Current assets = $4,500
Current liabilities = $3,000

Long-range assets = $150,000
Long-term liabilities = $42,000
Contributed capital = $31,000

Then, the retained earnings of the firm equal ________.

  1. $39,000
  2. $31,000
  3. $78,500
  4. $123,500

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Total assets = Total liabilities + Total Equity
Total Equity = Retained earnings + contributed capital.
Total assets = $4,500+$150,000 = $154,500.
Total liabilities = $42,000+$3,000 = $45,000, hence,
Total equity = $154,500-$45,000 = $109,500
Retained earnings = $109,500-$31,000 = $78,500



The following financial data on CashCow, Inc. have been taken from its financial statements for 1996:

  1. Dividends paid $25,000
  2. Sale of land $64,000
  3. Inventory purchases $29,000
  4. Purchase of a warehouse $208,000
  5. Bonds issued $90,000
  6. Dividends received from investments $17,000
  7. Interest paid on bonds $2,400
  8. Salaries paid $107,400
  9. Cash collection from customers $28,400
  10. Loss on land sale $18,000
  11. Beginning cash balance $312,000
    In the above question, the investing cash flow is ________.
  12. -$208,000
  13. -$126,000
    N. -$144,000
    O. -$162,000

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Items b and d are the investing cash flows. Note that item j is a non-cash event.



Intraperiod income tax allocation arises because

  1. certain revenues and expenses appear in the financial statements but are excluded from taxable income.
  2. items included in the determination of taxable income may be presented in different sections of the financial statements.
  3. income taxes must be allocated between current and future periods.
  4. certain revenues and expenses appear in the financial statements either before or after they are included in taxable income.
  5. none of these answers.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

To provide a fair presentation of the results of operations, accounting rules require that income tax expense for the period be allocated among income from continuing operations, discontinued operations, extraordinary items, and items charged or credited to shareholders' equity.



Which of the following would not be considered an intangible asset?

  1. Customer lists
  2. All of these answers represent intangible assets
  3. Mineral rights
  4. Patents, copyrights, and trademarks
  5. Goodwill

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Intangibles represent rights, privileges, and benefits of possession. Two common characteristics are high uncertainty regarding future benefits and lack of physical existence. All of the above are examples thatmeet this definition except mineral rights which are not an intangible but a natural resource that has physical properties.



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