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Free CLEP Science and Mathematics Exam Braindumps (page: 62)

Page 61 of 128
PDF with 494 Questions

Natural selection occurs due to

  1. random genetic mutations
  2. acquired traits
  3. differential success in reproduction
  4. equal reproductive success
  5. survival of the least fit

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Individuals in a population who are best adapted to the environment will tend to produce offspring with a better chance of survival. Their offspring will reproduce on average with a higher success rate. The genes that code for the phenotype that is best suited for the environmental conditions will be represented in a higher percentage in the next generation.



The breeding of race horses is an example of

  1. natural selection
  2. selective breeding
  3. Lamarck's theory of inheritance
  4. increased genetic diversity
  5. unlimited natural resources

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Race horses are bred for selected characteristics. The breeding is highly regulated and non-random: it is selective.



Genetic tests can resolve ambiguities about whether a trait is homologous or analogous because

  1. the closer the DNA base sequence, the more likely two genes originate from a common ancestor
  2. the sequence of base pairs in DNA is not relevant
  3. the more divergent the sequence of DNA base pairs, the more closely related two species are
  4. the closer the sequence of DNA base pairs, the less related the species are
  5. proteins determine relatedness, not DNA

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

The genetic code is universal for all living organisms. The closer the base pair sequence is for a particular gene, the closer two organisms are in the evolutionary tree.



The bottleneck effect occurs when natural disasters such as earthquakes or floods drastically reduce the size of a population. Which of the following best describes the resulting effect on the gene pool of the surviving population?

  1. The surviving population is representative of the original population in its genetic makeup.
  2. Natural selection guarantees the least fit will survive.
  3. The surviving population is not representative of the original population in its genetic makeup.
  4. Mutations are more likely to occur.
  5. Genetic variability increases.

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Genetic diversity is decreased when populations are reduced drastically in size.






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