“Croissant” is to “pastry” as “charm” is to “__________”.
Answer(s): E
A croissant is a type of French pastry; therefore, this is an analogy of a particular member to a broader class. A “charm” is a small item either worn on something like a bracelet or used as a magical talisman. Among the options for “charm” only jewel names a broader class into which “charm” can be placed.
“Turquoise” is to “blue” as “rose” is to “__________”.
Answer(s): D
The color turquoise is a shade of blue (or also a shade of green, depending on your perspective). It likewise is a type of stone that is blue-green. (The two uses, unsurprisingly, are related). Although you could read this analogy as using “turquoise” and “rose” to describe the physical things indicated by those names, it is easier to understand if you consider them merely as colors. As turquoise is a type of blue, so is rose a type of red. (It is purple-pink). The analogy would work for the physical objects as well, though. (As a turquoise stone is blue – or at least bluish – so is a rose red – or at least reddish).
“Missive” is to “communication” as “will” is to “__________”.
The word “missive” comes from the Latin for to send. It is founding words like “transmit” and “emit.” It means “a letter,” often implying that the letter is either lengthy or official. There are two options for this analogy. You could read it as stating, “Just a missive is a means of communication, so too is a will a means of X;” however, none of the options really work well for that; therefore, try another reading: “Just as a missive is a type of communication, so too is a will X.” A will is a type of document used for declaring the actions to be taken after one’s death.
“Ruby” is to “gem” as “wine” is to “__________”.
A ruby is a type of gem, so this analogy is one of member-to-class. You could construct a bridge sentence like, “As a ruby is a type of gem, so is wine a type of X.” The only option is “drink.” You cannot use the word “alcoholic.” If you use the word to mean someone who drinks too much, it does not work as a broader class for “wine.” If you use it as an adjective, it might describe wine, but it would only function here if it meant something more like “alcoholic beverage.” By itself, however, “alcoholic” does not indicate that level of detail.
“Turkish” is to “language” as “sociology” is to “__________”.
Turkish is a type of language, so this is a type-to-class style of analogy. Sociology is the subject that studies the development and structure of human societies. While it is concerned with things that are civil and cultural, it is here best described merely as a specific type of “subject.”
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