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Test Prep SAT Test Exam Prep
Scholastic Assessment Test: Reading, Writing and Language, Mathematics (Page 18 )

Updated On: 21-Sep-2026
Page 18 of 117
PDF with 930 Questions

The following two passages deal with the political movements working for the woman's vote in America. Passage 1 -The first organized assertion of woman's rights in the United States was made at the Seneca Falls convention in 1848. The convention, though, had little immediate impact because of the national issues that would soon embroil the country. The contentious debates involving slavery and state's rights that preceded the Civil War soon took center stage in national debates. Thus woman's rights issues would have to wait until the war and its antecedent problems had been addressed before they would be addressed. In 1869, two organizations were formed that would play important roles in securing the woman's right to vote. The first was the American Woman's Suffrage Association (AWSA). Leaving federal and constitutional issues aside, the AWSA focused their attention on state-level politics. They also restricted their ambitions to securing the woman's vote and downplayed discussion of women's full equality. Taking a different track, the National Woman's Suffrage Association (NWSA), led by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, believed that the only way to assure the long-term security of the woman's vote was to ground it in the constitution. The NWSA challenged the exclusion of woman from the Fifteenth Amendment, the amendment that extended the vote to African-American men. Furthermore, the NWSA linked the fight for suffrage with other inequalities faced by woman, such as marriage laws, which greatly disadvantaged women. By the late 1880s the differences that separated the two organizations had receded in importance as the women's movement had become a substantial and broad-based political force in the country. In 1890, the two organizations joined forces under the title of the National American Woman's Suffrage Association (NAWSA). The NAWSA would go on to play a vital role in the further fight to achieve the woman's vote. Passage 2 -In 1920, when Tennessee became the thirty-eighth state to approve the constitutional amendment securing the woman's right to vote, woman's suffrage became enshrined in the constitution. But woman's suffrage did not happen in one fell swoop. The success of the woman's suffrage movement was the story of a number of partial victories that led to the explicit endorsement of the woman's right to vote in the constitution. As early as the 1870s and 1880s, women had begun to win the right to vote in local affairs such as municipal elections, school board elections, or prohibition measures. These `partial suffrages` demonstrated that women could in fact responsibly and reasonably participate in a representative democracy (at least as voters). Once such successes were achieved and maintained over a period of time, restricting the full voting rights of woman became more and more suspect. If women were helping decide who was on the local school board, why should they not also have a voice in deciding who was president of the country? Such questions became more difficult for non-suffragists to answer, and thus the logic of restricting the woman's vote began to crumble.
Which of the following does the first passage say was the first organized push for woman's suffrage?

  1. formation of the National Woman's Suffrage Association
  2. formation of the American Woman's Suffrage Association
  3. convening of the Seneca Falls convention
  4. Tennessee passing the Twenty-Second Amendment
  5. partial suffrages of local woman's suffrage efforts

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Why option C is the best answer
The first passage explicitly states: “The first organized assertion of woman's rights in the United States was made at the Seneca Falls convention in 1848.” This convention is identified as the initial, organized push for woman’s suffrage , predating any later groups or strategies. It marks the earliest documented, collective effort to demand voting rights for women.
Why the other choices are incorrect

A: Formation of the National Woman's Suffrage Association – This organization was created in 1869, more than two decades after Seneca Falls; it was not the first organized movement. B. Formation of the American Woman's Suffrage Association – Also founded in 1869, it emerged later and focused on state-level tactics, not the inaugural push. D. Tennessee passing the Twenty-Second Amendment – The Twenty-Second Amendment (1951) limits presidential terms; Tennessee’s role in 1920 was ratifying the 19th Amendment , not the “Twenty-Second.” This option is factually unrelated to the first organized suffrage effort. E. Partial suffrages of local woman's suffrage efforts – These “partial suffrages” occurred in the 1870s-1880s, well after the Seneca Falls convention, and represent incremental gains rather than the first organized movement.
Conclusion The Seneca Falls convention (option C) is the only answer that aligns with the passage’s description of the first organized assertion of woman’s suffrage in America.


Reference:

National Women's History Museum – Seneca Falls Convention: https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/seneca-falls-convention Library of Congress – The Women’s Suffrage Movement: https://www.loc.gov/collections/womens-suffrage/_collection-highlights/overview/



The following two passages deal with the political movements working for the woman's vote in America. Passage 1 -
The first organized assertion of woman's rights in the United States was made at the Seneca Falls convention in 1848. The convention, though, had little immediate impact because of the national issues that would soon embroil the country. The contentious debates involving slavery and state's rights that preceded the Civil War soon took center stage in national debates. Thus woman's rights issues would have to wait until the war and its antecedent problems had been addressed before they would be addressed. In 1869, two organizations were formed that would play important roles in securing the woman's right to vote. The first was the American Woman's Suffrage Association (AWSA). Leaving federal and constitutional issues aside, the AWSA focused their attention on state-level politics. They also restricted their ambitions to securing the woman's vote and downplayed discussion of women's full equality. Taking a different track, the National Woman's Suffrage Association (NWSA), led by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, believed that the only way to assure the long-term security of the woman's vote was to ground it in the constitution. The NWSA challenged the exclusion of woman from the Fifteenth Amendment, the amendment that extended the vote to African-American men. Furthermore, the NWSA linked the fight for suffrage with other inequalities faced by woman, such as marriage laws, which greatly disadvantaged women. By the late 1880s the differences that separated the two organizations had receded in importance as the women's movement had become a substantial and broad-based political force in the country. In 1890, the two organizations joined forces under the title of the National American Woman's Suffrage Association (NAWSA). The NAWSA would go on to play a vital role in the further fight to achieve the woman's vote. Passage 2 -In 1920, when Tennessee became the thirty-eighth state to approve the constitutional amendment securing the woman's right to vote, woman's suffrage became enshrined in the constitution. But woman's suffrage did not happen in one fell swoop. The success of the woman's suffrage movement was the story of a number of partial victories that led to the explicit endorsement of the woman's right to vote in the constitution. As early as the 1870s and 1880s, women had begun to win the right to vote in local affairs such as municipal elections, school board elections, or prohibition measures. These `partial suffrages` demonstrated that women could in fact responsibly and reasonably participate in a representative democracy (at least as voters). Once such successes were achieved and maintained over a period of time, restricting the full voting rights of woman became more and more suspect. If women were helping decide who was on the local school board, why should they not also have a voice in deciding who was president of the country? Such questions became more difficult for non-suffragists to answer, and thus the logic of restricting the woman's vote began to crumble.
What national event does the first passage cite as pushing woman's voting rights to the background of the national consciousness?

  1. Civil War
  2. Suffrage movement
  3. Prohibition
  4. Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment
  5. World War I

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Justification
The passage explicitly states that the “contentious debates involving slavery and state’s rights that preceded the Civil War soon took center stage in national debates,” causing woman-suffrage issues to be set aside. This historical context directly links the Civil War as the national event that pushed women’s voting rights to the background, matching option A . B (Suffrage movement) – The movement itself is the subject of the passage; it is not an external event that displaced suffrage concerns. C (Prohibition) – Prohibition is mentioned only later as a type of local issue women began to influence, not as the cause of the temporary eclipse of suffrage. D (Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment) – The amendment is discussed as a target of NWSA’s strategy, not as the event that relegated suffrage to the background. E (World War I) – WWI occurs after the timeline described; the passage cites the Civil War as the pivotal distraction.


Reference:

National Archives – Women’s Suffrage and the Civil War: https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/womens-suffrage Library of Congress – Seneca Falls Convention and the Civil War: https://www.loc.gov/collections/seneca-falls/documents/



The following two passages deal with the political movements working for the woman's vote in America. Passage 1 -The first organized assertion of woman's rights in the United States was made at the Seneca Falls convention in 1848. The convention, though, had little immediate impact because of the national issues that would soon embroil the country. The contentious debates involving slavery and state's rights that preceded the Civil War soon took center stage in national debates. Thus woman's rights issues would have to wait until the war and its antecedent problems had been addressed before they would be addressed. In 1869, two organizations were formed that would play important roles in securing the woman's right to vote. The first was the American Woman's Suffrage Association (AWSA). Leaving federal and constitutional issues aside, the AWSA focused their attention on state-level politics. They also restricted their ambitions to securing the woman's vote and downplayed discussion of women's full equality. Taking a different track, the National Woman's Suffrage Association (NWSA), led by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, believed that the only way to assure the long-term security of the woman's vote was to ground it in the constitution. The NWSA challenged the exclusion of woman from the Fifteenth Amendment, the amendment that extended the vote to African-American men. Furthermore, the NWSA linked the fight for suffrage with other inequalities faced by woman, such as marriage laws, which greatly disadvantaged women. By the late 1880s the differences that separated the two organizations had receded in importance as the women's movement had become a substantial and broad-based political force in the country. In 1890, the two organizations joined forces under the title of the National American Woman's Suffrage Association (NAWSA). The NAWSA would go on to play a vital role in the further fight to achieve the woman's vote. Passage 2 -In 1920, when Tennessee became the thirty-eighth state to approve the constitutional amendment securing the woman's right to vote, woman's suffrage became enshrined in the constitution. But woman's suffrage did not happen in one fell swoop. The success of the woman's suffrage movement was the story of a number of partial victories that led to the explicit endorsement of the woman's right to vote in the constitution. As early as the 1870s and 1880s, women had begun to win the right to vote in local affairs such as municipal elections, school board elections, or prohibition measures. These `partial suffrages` demonstrated that women could in fact responsibly and reasonably participate in a representative democracy (at least as voters). Once such successes were achieved and maintained over a period of time, restricting the full voting rights of woman became more and more suspect. If women were helping decide who was on the local school board, why should they not also have a voice in deciding who was president of the country? Such questions became more difficult for non-suffragists to answer, and thus the logic of restricting the woman's vote began to crumble. According to the first passage, the National Woman's Suffrage Association focused their efforts on:

  1. local elections.
  2. constitutional issues.
  3. prohibition efforts.
  4. school board elections.
  5. state elections.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Answer(s): B – constitutional issues
The passage states that the National Woman’s Suffrage Association (NWSA), led by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, “believed that the only way to assure the long-term security of the woman’s vote was to ground it in the constitution” and “challenged the exclusion of women from the Fifteenth Amendment.” This focus on embedding suffrage within the U.S. Constitution demonstrates a deliberate concentration on constitutional strategy , rather than tactics aimed at local or municipal voting, prohibition, or school-board matters. Options A, C, D, and E describe activities that the passage attributes to other groups or to broader, later-stage tactics (e.g., local elections, prohibition measures, school-board elections). The NWSA’s distinct agenda was to pursue a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women’s voting rights nationwide.
Why the other options are less suitable

A: local elections – The passage links local-level voting successes to the broader movement but attributes that focus to the more pragmatic, state-level work of the American Woman’s Suffrage Association (AWSA), not the NWSA. C. prohibition efforts – Prohibition is mentioned only as an example of “partial suffrages” that women began to win; it is not presented as a primary NWSA objective. D. school board elections – Like local elections, school-board voting is cited as a “partial suffrage” achievement that helped erode opposition, but it was not the NWSA’s strategic target. E. state elections – State-level campaigns are the hallmark of the AWSA, which “focused their attention on state-level politics.” The NWSA deliberately bypassed state-level tactics in favor of a national constitutional approach.


Reference:

1. National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) records, Library of Congress –
https://www.loc.gov/collections/nawsa-records/about-this-collection/ 2. “Women’s Suffrage and the Constitution,” National Women’s History Museum –
https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/teaching-resources/womens-suffrage-constitution



The following two passages deal with the political movements working for the woman's vote in America. Passage 1 -The first organized assertion of woman's rights in the United States was made at the Seneca Falls convention in 1848. The convention, though, had little immediate impact because of the national issues that would soon embroil the country. The contentious debates involving slavery and state's rights that preceded the Civil War soon took center stage in national debates. Thus woman's rights issues would have to wait until the war and its antecedent problems had been addressed before they would be addressed. In 1869, two organizations were formed that would play important roles in securing the woman's right to vote. The first was the American Woman's Suffrage Association (AWSA). Leaving federal and constitutional issues aside, the AWSA focused their attention on state-level politics. They also restricted their ambitions to securing the woman's vote and downplayed discussion of women's full equality. Taking a different track, the National Woman's Suffrage Association (NWSA), led by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, believed that the only way to assure the long-term security of the woman's vote was to ground it in the constitution. The NWSA challenged the exclusion of woman from the Fifteenth Amendment, the amendment that extended the vote to African-American men. Furthermore, the NWSA linked the fight for suffrage with other inequalities faced by woman, such as marriage laws, which greatly disadvantaged women. By the late 1880s the differences that separated the two organizations had receded in importance as the women's movement had become a substantial and broad-based political force in the country. In 1890, the two organizations joined forces under the title of the National American Woman's Suffrage Association (NAWSA). The NAWSA would go on to play a vital role in the further fight to achieve the woman's vote. Passage 2 -In 1920, when Tennessee became the thirty-eighth state to approve the constitutional amendment securing the woman's right to vote, woman's suffrage became enshrined in the constitution. But woman's suffrage did not happen in one fell swoop. The success of the woman's suffrage movement was the story of a number of partial victories that led to the explicit endorsement of the woman's right to vote in the constitution. As early as the 1870s and 1880s, women had begun to win the right to vote in local affairs such as municipal elections, school board elections, or prohibition measures. These `partial suffrages` demonstrated that women could in fact responsibly and reasonably participate in a representative democracy (at least as voters). Once such successes were achieved and maintained over a period of time, restricting the full voting rights of woman became more and more suspect. If women were helping decide who was on the local school board, why should they not also have a voice in deciding who was president of the country? Such questions became more difficult for non-suffragists to answer, and thus the logic of restricting the woman's vote began to crumble. The differences between the AWSA and the NWSA were ultimately resolved when:

  1. the Twenty-Second Amendment passed.
  2. the two organizations were combined to form the NAWSA.
  3. the Civil War ended.
  4. prohibition passed.
  5. woman's suffragists won significant victories in the 1890 general election.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Justification
The split between the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) and the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) persisted until 1890, when the two groups merged to create the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) . This merger directly resolved the organizational differences described in the passage; it unified the state-focused strategy of AWSA with the constitutional-amendment approach of NWSA under a single, broad-based suffrage organization. Option B precisely describes this historical event (“the two organizations were combined to form the NAWSA”), making it the only answer that reflects the actual resolution of the rivalry.
Why the other options are unsuitable

A: Twenty-Second Amendment – Ratified in 1951, it concerns presidential term limits and bears no relation to the 19th-century suffrage organizations. C. Civil War ended – The war concluded in 1865, well before the AWSA/NWSA split and its resolution; it did not address the organizational merger. D. Prohibition passed – The 18th Amendment (1919) dealt with alcohol regulation; while some suffragists supported temperance, its passage did not dissolve the AWSA/NWSA rivalry. E. 1890 general election victories – No record exists of a decisive suffrage victory in the 1890 general election that triggered the merger; the merger was a strategic decision, not an electoral outcome.


Reference:

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-American-Woman-Suffrage-Association Women’s Suffrage in the United States. Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/collections/womens-suffrage-in-the-united-states/about-this-collection/
These sources confirm the 1890 merger as the pivotal event that resolved the differences between AWSA and NWSA.



The following two passages deal with the political movements working for the woman's vote in America. Passage 1 -The first organized assertion of woman's rights in the United States was made at the Seneca Falls convention in 1848. The convention, though, had little immediate impact because of the national issues that would soon embroil the country. The contentious debates involving slavery and state's rights that preceded the Civil War soon took center stage in national debates. Thus woman's rights issues would have to wait until the war and its antecedent problems had been addressed before they would be addressed. In 1869, two organizations were formed that would play important roles in securing the woman's right to vote. The first was the American Woman's Suffrage Association (AWSA). Leaving federal and constitutional issues aside, the AWSA focused their attention on state-level politics. They also restricted their ambitions to securing the woman's vote and downplayed discussion of women's full equality. Taking a different track, the National Woman's Suffrage Association (NWSA), led by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, believed that the only way to assure the long-term security of the woman's vote was to ground it in the constitution. The NWSA challenged the exclusion of woman from the Fifteenth Amendment, the amendment that extended the vote to African-American men. Furthermore, the NWSA linked the fight for suffrage with other inequalities faced by woman, such as marriage laws, which greatly disadvantaged women. By the late 1880s the differences that separated the two organizations had receded in importance as the women's movement had become a substantial and broad-based political force in the country. In 1890, the two organizations joined forces under the title of the National American Woman's Suffrage Association (NAWSA). The NAWSA would go on to play a vital role in the further fight to achieve the woman's vote. Passage 2 -In 1920, when Tennessee became the thirty-eighth state to approve the constitutional amendment securing the woman's right to vote, woman's suffrage became enshrined in the constitution. But woman's suffrage did not happen in one fell swoop. The success of the woman's suffrage movement was the story of a number of partial victories that led to the explicit endorsement of the woman's right to vote in the constitution. As early as the 1870s and 1880s, women had begun to win the right to vote in local affairs such as municipal elections, school board elections, or prohibition measures. These `partial suffrages` demonstrated that women could in fact responsibly and reasonably participate in a representative democracy (at least as voters). Once such successes were achieved and maintained over a period of time, restricting the full voting rights of woman became more and more suspect. If women were helping decide who was on the local school board, why should they not also have a voice in deciding who was president of the country? Such questions became more difficult for non-suffragists to answer, and thus the logic of restricting the woman's vote began to crumble. In Passage 1, the author's attitude toward the subject matter is:

  1. intense scrutiny.
  2. distanced suspicion.
  3. mild censure.
  4. appreciative description.
  5. enthusiastic support.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Justification
The passage recounts historical developments with a neutral, factual tone, highlighting the strategic choices of the AWSA and NWSA and the eventual merger into NAWSA. It emphasizes the progress and significance of these movements without overt praise or criticism, indicating an appreciative description of the women’s suffrage effort.
Why the other options do not fit

A: intense scrutiny – The author does not interrogate motives or dissect errors; the narrative is descriptive rather than investigative. B. distanced suspicion – No doubt or mistrust is expressed toward the suffragists; the tone is not skeptical. C. mild censure – There is no reprimand or negative judgment of any party.
E: enthusiastic support – The language is not celebratory or emotive; it remains measured and informational.
Therefore, the most appropriate choice is D. appreciative description .


Reference:

National Women's History Museum – Women’s Suffrage Movement: https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/women-suffrage-movement Library of Congress – The Fight for Women's Rights: https://www.loc.gov/collections/women-suffrage/
These sources provide verified historical context for the passages discussed.



The following two passages deal with the political movements working for the woman's vote in America. Passage 1 -The first organized assertion of woman's rights in the United States was made at the Seneca Falls convention in 1848. The convention, though, had little immediate impact because of the national issues that would soon embroil the country. The contentious debates involving slavery and state's rights that preceded the Civil War soon took center stage in national debates. Thus woman's rights issues would have to wait until the war and its antecedent problems had been addressed before they would be addressed. In 1869, two organizations were formed that would play important roles in securing the woman's right to vote. The first was the American Woman's Suffrage Association (AWSA). Leaving federal and constitutional issues aside, the AWSA focused their attention on state-level politics. They also restricted their ambitions to securing the woman's vote and downplayed discussion of women's full equality. Taking a different track, the National Woman's Suffrage Association (NWSA), led by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, believed that the only way to assure the long-term security of the woman's vote was to ground it in the constitution. The NWSA challenged the exclusion of woman from the Fifteenth Amendment, the amendment that extended the vote to African-American men. Furthermore, the NWSA linked the fight for suffrage with other inequalities faced by woman, such as marriage laws, which greatly disadvantaged women. By the late 1880s the differences that separated the two organizations had receded in importance as the women's movement had become a substantial and broad-based political force in the country. In 1890, the two organizations joined forces under the title of the National American Woman's Suffrage Association (NAWSA). The NAWSA would go on to play a vital role in the further fight to achieve the woman's vote. Passage 2 -In 1920, when Tennessee became the thirty-eighth state to approve the constitutional amendment securing the woman's right to vote, woman's suffrage became enshrined in the constitution. But woman's suffrage did not happen in one fell swoop. The success of the woman's suffrage movement was the story of a number of partial victories that led to the explicit endorsement of the woman's right to vote in the constitution. As early as the 1870s and 1880s, women had begun to win the right to vote in local affairs such as municipal elections, school board elections, or prohibition measures. These `partial suffrages` demonstrated that women could in fact responsibly and reasonably participate in a representative democracy (at least as voters). Once such successes were achieved and maintained over a period of time, restricting the full voting rights of woman became more and more suspect. If women were helping decide who was on the local school board, why should they not also have a voice in deciding who was president of the country? Such questions became more difficult for non-suffragists to answer, and thus the logic of restricting the woman's vote began to crumble. Passage 2 locates the ultimate victory of the woman's suffrage movement with which of the following events?

  1. Tennessee approving the woman's voting rights amendment
  2. Congress passing the Twenty-Second Amendment
  3. The combination of AWSA and NWSA into NAWSA
  4. Woman earning the full vote in Wyoming
  5. Women's fruitful participation in local elections

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Justification
Correct option – A. Tennessee approving the woman’s voting-rights amendment
The passage states that “In 1920, when Tennessee became the thirty-eighth state to approve the constitutional amendment securing the woman's right to vote, woman's suffrage became enshrined in the constitution.” This ratification was the final step that completed the 19th Amendment, making it part of the U.S. Constitution and marking the ultimate victory of the suffrage movement.
Why the other choices are unsuitable
B: Congress passing the Twenty-Second Amendment – This amendment limits presidential terms and bears no relation to women’s voting rights. C. The combination of AWSA and NWSA into NAWSA – The merger (1890) unified the organizations but occurred long before any constitutional amendment was adopted; it was a strategic step, not the decisive victory. D. Woman earning the full vote in Wyoming – Wyoming granted women suffrage in 1869, an early partial success; it does not represent the national, constitutional breakthrough described in the passage. E. Women's fruitful participation in local elections – While the passage notes these “partial suffrages” as precursors, they are presented as building blocks, not the final constitutional achievement.


Reference:

National Archives – “The 19th Amendment: Women’s Right to Vote” ( https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/women-suffrage ) Library of Congress – “Women’s Suffrage: The 19th Amendment” ( https://www.loc.gov/collections/womens-suffrage/ )



The following two passages deal with the political movements working for the woman's vote in America. Passage 1 -The first organized assertion of woman's rights in the United States was made at the Seneca Falls convention in 1848. The convention, though, had little immediate impact because of the national issues that would soon embroil the country. The contentious debates involving slavery and state's rights that preceded the Civil War soon took center stage in national debates. Thus woman's rights issues would have to wait until the war and its antecedent problems had been addressed before they would be addressed. In 1869, two organizations were formed that would play important roles in securing the woman's right to vote. The first was the American Woman's Suffrage Association (AWSA). Leaving federal and constitutional issues aside, the AWSA focused their attention on state-level politics. They also restricted their ambitions to securing the woman's vote and downplayed discussion of women's full equality. Taking a different track, the National Woman's Suffrage Association (NWSA), led by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, believed that the only way to assure the long-term security of the woman's vote was to ground it in the constitution. The NWSA challenged the exclusion of woman from the Fifteenth Amendment, the amendment that extended the vote to African-American men. Furthermore, the NWSA linked the fight for suffrage with other inequalities faced by woman, such as marriage laws, which greatly disadvantaged women. By the late 1880s the differences that separated the two organizations had receded in importance as the women's movement had become a substantial and broad-based political force in the country. In 1890, the two organizations joined forces under the title of the National American Woman's Suffrage Association (NAWSA). The NAWSA would go on to play a vital role in the further fight to achieve the woman's vote. Passage 2 -In 1920, when Tennessee became the thirty-eighth state to approve the constitutional amendment securing the woman's right to vote, woman's suffrage became enshrined in the constitution. But woman's suffrage did not happen in one fell swoop. The success of the woman's suffrage movement was the story of a number of partial victories that led to the explicit endorsement of the woman's right to vote in the constitution.
As early as the 1870s and 1880s, women had begun to win the right to vote in local affairs such as municipal elections, school board elections, or prohibition measures. These `partial suffrages` demonstrated that women could in fact responsibly and reasonably participate in a representative democracy (at least as voters). Once such successes were achieved and maintained over a period of time, restricting the full voting rights of woman became more and more suspect. If women were helping decide who was on the local school board, why should they not also have a voice in deciding who was president of the country? Such questions became more difficult for non-suffragists to answer, and thus the logic of restricting the woman's vote began to crumble.
When is the earliest success of the woman's suffrage movement that the second passage points to?

  1. 1848
  2. 1869
  3. 1870s
  4. 1880s
  5. 1920

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Why option C (the 1870s) is the best answer
The passage explicitly states that “as early as the 1870s and 1880s , women had begun to win the right to vote in local affairs such as municipal elections, school board elections, or prohibition measures.” This is the first point in the text where a concrete historical timeframe for a suffrage success is given; earlier dates (1848, 1869, 1880s as a whole) refer to organizational milestones or broader movement developments, not to an actual voting victory. The 1870s therefore represent the earliest documented partial suffrage successes that the passage cites, making option C the only choice that matches the passage’s wording.
Why the other options are less suitable

A: 1848 – This year marks the Seneca Falls Convention, the first organized assertion of women’s rights, but the passage does not describe any actual voting right being granted at that time. B. 1869 – The formation of the American and National Woman Suffrage Associations occurred then, yet these are organizational events, not instances of women actually obtaining the vote. D. 1880s – While the passage mentions successes in the 1880s, it also notes that the earliest successes date back to the 1870s; the 1880s are therefore a later, not the earliest, period. E. 1920 – This is the year the 19th Amendment was ratified, granting nationwide suffrage, but it is the culmination of the movement, not the earliest success described in the passage.
Hence, the earliest success referenced by the second passage is the 1870s , corresponding to option C.


Reference:

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) archives, Library of Congress – https://www.loc.gov/collections/nawsa-archives/about-this-collection/ “Women’s Suffrage: A Timeline,” National Women's History Museum – https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/womens-suffrage-timeline
These sources confirm the timeline of partial suffrage victories in the 1870s-1880s and the broader context of the U.S. women’s voting rights movement.



The following two passages deal with the political movements working for the woman's vote in America. Passage 1 -The first organized assertion of woman's rights in the United States was made at the Seneca Falls convention in 1848. The convention, though, had little immediate impact because of the national issues that would soon embroil the country. The contentious debates involving slavery and state's rights that preceded the Civil War soon took center stage in national debates. Thus woman's rights issues would have to wait until the war and its antecedent problems had been addressed before they would be addressed. In 1869, two organizations were formed that would play important roles in securing the woman's right to vote. The first was the American Woman's Suffrage Association (AWSA). Leaving federal and constitutional issues aside, the AWSA focused their attention on state-level politics. They also restricted their ambitions to securing the woman's vote and downplayed discussion of women's full equality. Taking a different track, the National Woman's Suffrage Association (NWSA), led by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, believed that the only way to assure the long-term security of the woman's vote was to ground it in the constitution. The NWSA challenged the exclusion of woman from the Fifteenth Amendment, the amendment that extended the vote to African-American men. Furthermore, the NWSA linked the fight for suffrage with other inequalities faced by woman, such as marriage laws, which greatly disadvantaged women. By the late 1880s the differences that separated the two organizations had receded in importance as the women's movement had become a substantial and broad-based political force in the country. In 1890, the two organizations joined forces under the title of the National American Woman's Suffrage Association (NAWSA). The NAWSA would go on to play a vital role in the further fight to achieve the woman's vote. Passage 2 -In 1920, when Tennessee became the thirty-eighth state to approve the constitutional amendment securing the woman's right to vote, woman's suffrage became enshrined in the constitution. But woman's suffrage did not happen in one fell swoop. The success of the woman's suffrage movement was the story of a number of partial victories that led to the explicit endorsement of the woman's right to vote in the constitution. As early as the 1870s and 1880s, women had begun to win the right to vote in local affairs such as municipal elections, school board elections, or prohibition measures. These `partial suffrages` demonstrated that women could in fact responsibly and reasonably participate in a representative democracy (at least as voters). Once such successes were achieved and maintained over a period of time, restricting the full voting rights of woman became more and more suspect. If women were helping decide who was on the local school board, why should they not also have a voice in deciding who was president of the country? Such questions became more difficult for non-suffragists to answer, and thus the logic of restricting the woman's vote began to crumble.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a `partial suffrage` as described in the second passage?

  1. A mayoral election
  2. A school board measure
  3. Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment
  4. A state prohibition referendum
  5. Impeaching a city council member

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Justification
Partial suffrage refers to limited voting rights that women obtained in specific, often local or issue-based elections before the adoption of the 19th Amendment. These rights were granted incrementally (e.g., in municipal elections, school-board votes, or referenda on particular policies).
Option A – Mayoral election – a municipal election; historically many states allowed women to vote for local officials such as mayors, fitting the definition of partial suffrage.
Option B – School board measure – a local public-policy vote (often on school-board seats or related measures); this is a classic example of the “partial” rights described.
Option C – Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment – this amendment (ratified 1870) extended the franchise to
African-American men, addressing race-based disenfranchisement, not gender-based limitations. It does not confer any voting right to women, so it is not an instance of partial suffrage.
Option D – State prohibition referendum – a statewide ballot initiative on a specific issue; women’s participation in such referenda was one of the early “partial” suffrage victories.
Option E – Impeaching a city council member – a procedural vote concerning local governmental removal; such votes were also among the early limited suffrage experiences for women.
Because only Option C concerns a constitutional amendment that addressed a different demographic and does not represent a limited, gender-specific voting right, it is the correct answer to the question.


Reference:

National American Woman Suffrage Association – Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution – Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution



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