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ARDMS AB-Abdomen Exam
Abdomen Sonographyination (Page 3 )

Updated On: 7-Feb-2026
Page 3 of 34
PDF with 165 Questions

Which renal condition is commonly associated with pyuria and leukocytosis?

  1. Nephrocalcinosis
  2. Staghorn calculus
  3. Renal cell carcinoma
  4. Acute pyelonephritis

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the renal parenchyma and collecting system. Classic clinical findings include fever, flank pain, leukocytosis (elevated white blood cells), and pyuria (white blood cells in urine). Ultrasound may demonstrate renal enlargement, decreased echogenicity, and loss of corticomedullary differentiation.

Nephrocalcinosis (A) involves calcium deposition without infection.

Staghorn calculus (B) may lead to infection but is primarily characterized by obstructive uropathy.

Renal cell carcinoma (C) presents with hematuria and mass formation rather than infection symptoms.

Reference Extracts:

Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.
Chapter: Kidneys.

Middleton WD, Kurtz AB, Hertzberg BS. Ultrasound: The Requisites. 3rd ed. Elsevier, 2015.



Which arterial branches lie at the base of the renal pyramids?

  1. Segmental
  2. Interlobar
  3. Arcuate
  4. Interlobular

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

The arcuate arteries are located at the corticomedullary junction, arching over the base of the renal pyramids. They form as the interlobar arteries reach the boundary between the cortex and medulla. The arcuate arteries give rise to the interlobular arteries, which supply the renal cortex.

Segmental arteries (A) branch directly from the renal artery.

Interlobar arteries (B) course between the renal pyramids.

Interlobular arteries (D) extend into the cortex from the arcuate arteries.

Reference Extracts:

Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 7th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.

Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.



Which condition is a common cause of biliary duct obstruction?

  1. Tumor
  2. Cholecystitis
  3. Pneumobilia
  4. Hepatitis

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

A tumor (such as cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic head carcinoma, or metastases) is a common cause of biliary duct obstruction. It can compress or invade the bile ducts, leading to intrahepatic and extrahepatic duct dilatation.

Cholecystitis (B) typically affects the gallbladder but may rarely cause duct obstruction if complicated.

Pneumobilia (C) refers to air in the biliary tree, not obstruction.

Hepatitis (D) causes liver inflammation but not mechanical biliary obstruction.

Reference Extracts:

Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.

Gore RM, Levine MS. Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology. 4th ed. Saunders, 2015.



Which structures are located within the testes?

  1. Gubernacula
  2. Efferent ductules
  3. Aberrant ductules
  4. Seminiferous tubules

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The seminiferous tubules are coiled structures located within the testes where spermatogenesis (sperm production) occurs. They are surrounded by Sertoli and Leydig cells that support spermatogenesis and testosterone production.

Gubernacula (A) are fetal structures involved in testicular descent.

Efferent ductules (B) connect the rete testis to the epididymis but are not located within the testicular parenchyma.

Aberrant ductules (C) are accessory ducts found outside the testis.

Reference Extracts:

Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 7th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.

Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.



Which condition is most likely to develop after splenic trauma?

  1. Splenule
  2. Splenosis
  3. Hamartoma
  4. Target lesion

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Splenosis refers to autotransplantation of splenic tissue following splenic trauma or splenectomy. After rupture, splenic fragments may implant throughout the peritoneal cavity and vascularize, forming multiple nodules of functional splenic tissue. Splenosis is typically asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on imaging.

Splenule (A) is a congenital accessory spleen, not related to trauma.

Hamartoma (C) is a benign primary splenic lesion.

Target lesion (D) generally refers to sonographic appearance seen in metastases or infections, not post-trauma.

Reference Extracts:

Mortelé KJ, et al. "Multimodality imaging of splenic lesions and the spleen." Radiographics.
2004;24(4):1137-1163.

Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.






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