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Cisco 400-007 Exam
Cisco Certified Design Expert CCDE v3.0 (Page 11 )

Updated On: 15-Feb-2026
Page 11 of 60
PDF with 397 Questions

Company XYZ needs advice in redesigning their legacy Layer 2 infrastructure. Which technology should be included in the design to minimize or avoid convergence delays due to STP or FHRP and provide a loop-free topology?

  1. Use BFD.
  2. Use switch clustering in the core/distribution layer.
  3. Use spanning-tree PortFast.
  4. Use switch clustering in the access layer.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Switch clustering is a technology that allows multiple switches to be grouped together so that they appear as a single logical switch. This can help to improve convergence times by reducing the number of switches that need to be updated when a change occurs.

Spanning-tree PortFast is a feature that allows ports to be put into the forwarding state immediately, bypassing the STP listening and learning states. This can help to improve convergence times, but it can also introduce loops into the network if not used carefully.

BFD is a protocol that provides fast failure detection for Layer 2 and Layer 3 links. This can help to improve convergence times by reducing the time it takes for switches to detect link failures.

FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) is a protocol that provides redundancy for Layer 2 routing. This can help to improve availability, but it does not directly affect convergence times.

Therefore, the best technology to include in the design to minimize or avoid convergence delays due to STP or FHRP and provide a loop-free topology is switch clustering.

Here are some additional reasons why switch clustering is a good choice for this scenario:

-It can be implemented in the core/distribution layer, which is where STP loops are most likely to occur.
-It is a relatively simple technology to implement and manage.
-It can be used to improve convergence times for both STP and FHRP.
Here are some additional reasons why the other options are not as good a choice:

-Spanning-tree PortFast can introduce loops into the network if not used carefully.
-BFD is a good technology for fast failure detection, but it does not directly affect convergence times.
-FHRP can improve availability, but it does not directly affect convergence times.
-



DRAG DROP (Drag and Drop is not supported)
Drag and drop the multicast protocols from the left onto the correct design situations on the right. Not all options are used.
Select and Place:

  1. See Explanation section for answer.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:



Which function is performed at the access layer of the three-layer hierarchical network design model?

  1. fast transport
  2. reliability
  3. fault isolation
  4. redundancy and load balancing
  5. QoS classification and marking boundary

Answer(s): E

Explanation:

The access layer of the three-layer hierarchical network design model is responsible for connecting end-user devices to the network. This layer is also responsible for providing QoS (Quality of Service) classification and marking.

QoS classification is the process of identifying different types of traffic and marking them with different values. This allows routers and switches to prioritize different types of traffic, which can improve performance for time-sensitive applications.

QoS marking is the process of adding a QoS tag to a packet. This tag identifies the type of traffic and allows routers and switches to prioritize different types of traffic.

Therefore, the function of QoS classification and marking is performed at the access layer of the three-layer hierarchical network design model.



Which two features control multicast traffic in a VLAN environment? (Choose two.)

  1. RGMP
  2. PIM snooping
  3. MLD snooping
  4. pruning
  5. IGMP snooping

Answer(s): C,E

Explanation:

the option for 'D' does not say 'vlan pruning' although I guess we are to assume that - anyway Snooping is the normal method for controlling multicast traffic - it doesn't say reduce multicast traffic


Reference:

https://www.cisco.com/assets/sol/sb/Switches_Emulators_v2_2_015/help/nk_configuring_multicast_forwarding11.html



In an OSPF network with routers connected together with Ethernet cabling, which topology typically takes the longest to converge?

  1. squared
  2. ring
  3. partial mesh
  4. triangulated
  5. full mesh

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

In an OSPF network with routers connected together with Ethernet cabling, the topology that typically takes the longest to converge is the ring topology (option B). In a ring topology, there is only one path available between any two routers, and when a link fails, the OSPF routers need to recalculate the routes, which can introduce delays in the convergence process.

The other options listed (squared, partial mesh, triangulated, full mesh) typically provide multiple paths between routers, which can help in faster convergence by allowing alternative routes to be used when a link fails.

Convergence of the ring topologies are generally slow compared to other alternatives such as partial mesh, full-mesh and diverge planes topologies.


Reference:

https://packetpushers.net/network-topologies/






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