College Board SAT Exam Actual Questions
Scholastic Aptitude Test Exam (Page 22 )

Updated On: 30-Jul-2026

Mathew ascended three flights of stairs `" passed half-way down a long arched gallery `" and knocked at another old-fashioned oak door. This time the signal was answered. A low, clear, sweet voice, inside the room, inquired who was waiting without? In a few hasty words Mathew told his errand. Before he had done speaking the door was quietly and quickly opened, and Sarah Leeson confronted him on the threshold, with her candle in her hand. Not tall, not handsome, not in her first youth `" shy and irresolute in manner `" simple in dress to the utmost limits of plainness `" the lady's-maid, in spite of all these disadvantages, was a woman whom it was impossible to look at without a feeling of curiosity, if not of interest. Few men, at first sight of her, could have resisted the desire to find out who she was; few would have been satisfied with receiving for answer, She is Mrs. Treverton's maid; few would have refrained from the attempt to extract some secret information for themselves from her face and manner; and none, not even the most patient and practiced of observers, could have succeeded in discovering more than that she must have passed through the ordeal of some great suffering at some former period of her life. Much in her manner, and more in her face, said plainly and sadly: I am the wreck of something that you might once have liked to see; a wreck that can never be repaired `" that must drift on through life unnoticed, unguided, unpitied `" drift till the fatal shore is touched, and the waves of Time have swallowed up these broken relics of me forever. This was the story that was told in Sarah Leeson's face `" this, and no more. No two men interpreting that story for themselves, would probably have agreed on the nature of the suffering which this woman had undergone. It was hard to say, at the outset, whether the past pain that had set its ineffaceable mark on her had been pain of the body or pain of the mind. But whatever the nature of the affliction she had suffered, the traces it had left were deeply and strikingly visible in every part of her face.
Her cheeks had lost their roundness and their natural color; her lips, singularly flexible in movement and delicate in form, had faded to an unhealthy paleness; her eyes, large and black and overshadowed by unusually thick lashes, had contracted an anxious startled look, which never left them and which piteously expressed the painful acuteness of her sensibility, the inherent timidity of her disposition. So far, the marks which sorrow or sickness had set on her were the marks common to most victims of mental or physical suffering. The one extraordinary personal deterioration which she had undergone consisted in the unnatural change that had passed over the color of her hair. It was as thick and soft, it grew as gracefully, as the hair of a young girl; but it was as gray as the hair of an old woman. It seemed to contradict, in the most startling manner, every personal assertion of youth that still existed in her face. With all its haggardness and paleness, no one could have looked at it and supposed for a moment that it was the face of an elderly woman. Wan as they might be, there was not a wrinkle in her cheeks. Her eyes, viewed apart from their prevailing expression of uneasiness and timidity, still preserved that bright, clear moisture which is never seen in the eyes of the old. The skin about her temples was as delicately smooth as the skin of a child. These and other physical signs which never mislead, showed that she was still, as to years, in the very prime of her life. Sickly and sorrow-stricken as she was, she looked, from the eyes downward, a woman who had barely reached thirty years of age. From the eyes upward, the effect of her abundant gray hair, seen in connection with her face, was not simply incongruous `" it was absolutely startling; so startling as to make it no paradox to say that she would have looked most natural, most like herself if her hair had been dyed. In her case, Art would have seemed to be the truth, because Nature looked like falsehood.
What shock had stricken her hair, in the very maturity of its luxuriance, with the hue of an unnatural old age? Was it a serious illness, or a dreadful grief that had turned her gray in the prime of her womanhood? That question had often been agitated among her fellow-servants, who were all struck by the peculiarities of her personal appearance, and rendered a little suspicious of her, as well, by an inveterate habit that she had of talking to herself. Inquire as they might, however, their curiosity was always baffled. Nothing more could be discovered than that Sarah Leeson was, in the common phrase, touchy on the subject of her gray hair and her habit of talking to herself, and that Sarah Leeson's mistress had long since forbidden every one, from her husband downward, to ruffle her maid's tranquility by inquisitive questions. In the context, the word `ineffaceable` in 4th paragraph most nearly means:

  1. inescapable.
  2. horrible.
  3. devastating.
  4. ugly.
  5. inerasable.

Answer(s): E

Explanation:

Justification
Correct choice – E. inerasable Ineffaceable is defined as “not capable of being erased or removed.” In the passage the author describes the marks of past suffering as “ineffaceable” – they remain permanently etched on the woman’s face, regardless of time or circumstance. This meaning aligns precisely with inerasable, which conveys the idea of an indelible, permanent imprint.
Why the other options are unsuitable

A: inescapable – emphasizes inevitability of encounter, not permanence of a mark. B. horrible – conveys emotional judgment rather than the physical/indelible quality. C. devastating – denotes catastrophic impact, but does not capture the notion of something that cannot be erased. D. ugly – refers to aesthetic displeasure, unrelated to the concept of permanence.
Technical alignment The term functions adjectivally to modify “mark” and indicates that the suffering’s effect is indelibly recorded; thus inerasable is the only option that matches the lexical semantics required by the context.


Reference:

Merriam-Webster definition of ineffaceable: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ineffaceable Oxford English Dictionary entry for ineffaceable: https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/102697
These sources confirm that ineffaceable means “not able to be erased or removed,” supporting the selection of E. inerasable .



Mathew ascended three flights of stairs `" passed half-way down a long arched gallery `" and knocked at another old-fashioned oak door. This time the signal was answered. A low, clear, sweet voice, inside the room, inquired who was waiting without? In a few hasty words Mathew told his errand. Before he had done speaking the door was quietly and quickly opened, and Sarah Leeson confronted him on the threshold, with her candle in her hand. Not tall, not handsome, not in her first youth `" shy and irresolute in manner `" simple in dress to the utmost limits of plainness `" the lady's-maid, in spite of all these disadvantages, was a woman whom it was impossible to look at without a feeling of curiosity, if not of interest. Few men, at first sight of her, could have resisted the desire to find out who she was; few would have been satisfied with receiving for answer, She is Mrs. Treverton's maid; few would have refrained from the attempt to extract some secret information for themselves from her face and manner; and none, not even the most patient and practiced of observers, could have succeeded in discovering more than that she must have passed through the ordeal of some great suffering at some former period of her life. Much in her manner, and more in her face, said plainly and sadly: I am the wreck of something that you might once have liked to see; a wreck that can never be repaired `" that must drift on through life unnoticed, unguided, unpitied `" drift till the fatal shore is touched, and the waves of Time have swallowed up these broken relics of me forever. This was the story that was told in Sarah Leeson's face `" this, and no more. No two men interpreting that story for themselves, would probably have agreed on the nature of the suffering which this woman had undergone. It was hard to say, at the outset, whether the past pain that had set its ineffaceable mark on her had been pain of the body or pain of the mind. But whatever the nature of the affliction she had suffered, the traces it had left were deeply and strikingly visible in every part of her face. Her cheeks had lost their roundness and their natural color; her lips, singularly flexible in movement and delicate in form, had faded to an unhealthy paleness; her eyes, large and black and overshadowed by unusually thick lashes, had contracted an anxious startled look, which never left them and which piteously expressed the painful acuteness of her sensibility, the inherent timidity of her disposition. So far, the marks which sorrow or sickness had set on her were the marks common to most victims of mental or physical suffering. The one extraordinary personal deterioration which she had undergone consisted in the unnatural change that had passed over the color of her hair. It was as thick and soft, it grew as gracefully, as the hair of a young girl; but it was as gray as the hair of an old woman. It seemed to contradict, in the most startling manner, every personal assertion of youth that still existed in her face. With all its haggardness and paleness, no one could have looked at it and supposed for a moment that it was the face of an elderly woman. Wan as they might be, there was not a wrinkle in her cheeks. Her eyes, viewed apart from their prevailing expression of uneasiness and timidity, still preserved that bright, clear moisture which is never seen in the eyes of the old. The skin about her temples was as delicately smooth as the skin of a child. These and other physical signs which never mislead, showed that she was still, as to years, in the very prime of her life. Sickly and sorrow-stricken as she was, she looked, from the eyes downward, a woman who had barely reached thirty years of age. From the eyes upward, the effect of her abundant gray hair, seen in connection with her face, was not simply incongruous `" it was absolutely startling; so startling as to make it no paradox to say that she would have looked most natural, most like herself if her hair had been dyed. In her case, Art would have seemed to be the truth, because Nature looked like falsehood.
What shock had stricken her hair, in the very maturity of its luxuriance, with the hue of an unnatural old age? Was it a serious illness, or a dreadful grief that had turned her gray in the prime of her womanhood? That question had often been agitated among her fellow-servants, who were all struck by the peculiarities of her personal appearance, and rendered a little suspicious of her, as well, by an inveterate habit that she had of talking to herself. Inquire as they might, however, their curiosity was always baffled. Nothing more could be discovered than that Sarah Leeson was, in the common phrase, touchy on the subject of her gray hair and her habit of talking to herself, and that Sarah Leeson's mistress had long since forbidden every one, from her husband downward, to ruffle her maid's tranquility by inquisitive questions.
Why does the author end paragraph four with `But whatever ... visible in every part of her face`?

  1. to impart that there was nowhere on her face you could not see the pain
  2. to indicate to the reader just how significant the damage to her face was
  3. to reaffirm to the reader that there was massive damage that was immediately noticeable
  4. to introduce the subject matter for the next paragraph
  5. to summate the previous writing in the passage to this point

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Why option D is the best choice
The fourth paragraph concludes with the clause “But whatever the nature of the affliction she had suffered, the traces it had left were deeply and strikingly visible in every part of her face.” This sentence prepares the reader for the next analytical focus – the author will now shift from describing the physical signs of suffering to examining the paradox of Sarah’s youthful appearance despite her gray hair . By ending the paragraph with that transitional phrase, the writer signals a change in line of inquiry , making option D (“to introduce the subject matter for the next paragraph”) the most accurate description of the function of the closing sentence.
Why the other options are less suitable

A: “to impart that there was nowhere on her face you could not see the pain.”
The wording overstates the claim; the text says the pain is visible in many parts, not that it is unavoidable everywhere. B. “to indicate to the reader just how significant the damage to her face was.”
While the damage is indeed significant, the clause does not emphasize magnitude; its primary role is transitional , not emphatic. C. “to reaffirm to the reader that there was massive damage that was immediately noticeable.”
“Massive damage” is a judgment not present in the sentence; the author merely notes that the damage is visible and significant enough to merit comment, not that it is massive per se. E. “to summate the previous writing in the passage to this point.”
The clause does not summarize earlier material; it points forward to what will be examined next rather than recapping what has already been said.
Technical justification for exam-style answer
In literary-analysis multiple-choice items, the correct answer must reflect the explicit function of the textual device (here, a transitional cue). The phrase “But whatever … visible in every part of her face?” serves as a bridge that links the descriptive passage to the forthcoming analysis of the hair-color paradox. Test-takers should therefore select the option that captures this forward-looking, introductory role , which is precisely what option D articulates.


Reference:

The Norton Anthology of English Literature – “Reading Strategies for Literary Analysis” – https://www.nortonlms.com/anthology/reading-strategies Purdue OWL – “Writing About Literature: Using Transitions” – https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/writing_about_literature.html



Mathew ascended three flights of stairs `" passed half-way down a long arched gallery `" and knocked at another old-fashioned oak door. This time the signal was answered. A low, clear, sweet voice, inside the room, inquired who was waiting without? In a few hasty words Mathew told his errand. Before he had done speaking the door was quietly and quickly opened, and Sarah Leeson confronted him on the threshold, with her candle in her hand. Not tall, not handsome, not in her first youth `" shy and irresolute in manner `" simple in dress to the utmost limits of plainness `" the lady's-maid, in spite of all these disadvantages, was a woman whom it was impossible to look at without a feeling of curiosity, if not of interest. Few men, at first sight of her, could have resisted the desire to find out who she was; few would have been satisfied with receiving for answer, She is Mrs. Treverton's maid; few would have refrained from the attempt to extract some secret information for themselves from her face and manner; and none, not even the most patient and practiced of observers, could have succeeded in discovering more than that she must have passed through the ordeal of some great suffering at some former period of her life. Much in her manner, and more in her face, said plainly and sadly: I am the wreck of something that you might once have liked to see; a wreck that can never be repaired `" that must drift on through life unnoticed, unguided, unpitied `" drift till the fatal shore is touched, and the waves of Time have swallowed up these broken relics of me forever. This was the story that was told in Sarah Leeson's face `" this, and no more. No two men interpreting that story for themselves, would probably have agreed on the nature of the suffering which this woman had undergone. It was hard to say, at the outset, whether the past pain that had set its ineffaceable mark on her had been pain of the body or pain of the mind. But whatever the nature of the affliction she had suffered, the traces it had left were deeply and strikingly visible in every part of her face. Her cheeks had lost their roundness and their natural color; her lips, singularly flexible in movement and delicate in form, had faded to an unhealthy paleness; her eyes, large and black and overshadowed by unusually thick lashes, had contracted an anxious startled look, which never left them and which piteously expressed the painful acuteness of her sensibility, the inherent timidity of her disposition. So far, the marks which sorrow or sickness had set on her were the marks common to most victims of mental or physical suffering. The one extraordinary personal deterioration which she had undergone consisted in the unnatural change that had passed over the color of her hair. It was as thick and soft, it grew as gracefully, as the hair of a young girl; but it was as gray as the hair of an old woman. It seemed to contradict, in the most startling manner, every personal assertion of youth that still existed in her face. With all its haggardness and paleness, no one could have looked at it and supposed for a moment that it was the face of an elderly woman. Wan as they might be, there was not a wrinkle in her cheeks. Her eyes, viewed apart from their prevailing expression of uneasiness and timidity, still preserved that bright, clear moisture which is never seen in the eyes of the old. The skin about her temples was as delicately smooth as the skin of a child. These and other physical signs which never mislead, showed that she was still, as to years, in the very prime of her life. Sickly and sorrow-stricken as she was, she looked, from the eyes downward, a woman who had barely reached thirty years of age. From the eyes upward, the effect of her abundant gray hair, seen in connection with her face, was not simply incongruous `" it was absolutely startling; so startling as to make it no paradox to say that she would have looked most natural, most like herself if her hair had been dyed. In her case, Art would have seemed to be the truth, because Nature looked like falsehood.
What shock had stricken her hair, in the very maturity of its luxuriance, with the hue of an unnatural old age? Was it a serious illness, or a dreadful grief that had turned her gray in the prime of her womanhood? That question had often been agitated among her fellow-servants, who were all struck by the peculiarities of her personal appearance, and rendered a little suspicious of her, as well, by an inveterate habit that she had of talking to herself. Inquire as they might, however, their curiosity was always baffled. Nothing more could be discovered than that Sarah Leeson was, in the common phrase, touchy on the subject of her gray hair and her habit of talking to herself, and that Sarah Leeson's mistress had long since forbidden every one, from her husband downward, to ruffle her maid's tranquility by inquisitive questions.
What makes the term `unnatural` ironic as used in the passage?

  1. We know her to be only around 30 with all these marks.
  2. It was unusual that someone so young would have such markings.
  3. The markings would be visible in every part of her face.
  4. The gray hair was any more unnatural than any other markings was apparent.
  5. For a young girl in every other aspect, this pain caused graying hair.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Why option D is the best answer
The word “unnatural” is applied to Sarah Leeson’s gray hair, which contradicts the expectation that a woman in her early-thirties should have youthful, dark hair. The passage explicitly notes that all other physical signs confirm her actual age (smooth skin, bright eyes, lack of wrinkles), so the only feature that appears “unnatural” is the hair color. Therefore, the irony lies in labeling that single marking as “unnatural” when, in fact, the hair is the only element that is out of place ; the rest of her appearance is entirely consistent with a young woman. Option D captures this nuance: “The gray hair was any more unnatural than any other markings was apparent.” It highlights that the hair’s unnatural quality is relative to the other, perfectly natural signs of youth.
Why the other options are less suitable
A – Incorrect; the passage states she looks “in the very prime of her life” and “barely reached thirty,” but this does not explain the irony of the term “unnatural.” B – Incorrect; while it notes the unusualness of a young woman bearing such markings, it fails to pinpoint the specific ironic contrast between the hair and the rest of her appearance. C – Incorrect; the visibility of the markings on every part of her face is a descriptive detail, not the source of the irony. E – Incorrect; the statement about a “young girl” is vague and does not address why “unnatural” is ironic in the context of the passage.


Reference:

Project Gutenberg – The History of the Life of Sarah Leeson (public domain) Internet Archive – The Works of William M. Thackeray (contains the passage)



Mathew ascended three flights of stairs `" passed half-way down a long arched gallery `" and knocked at another old-fashioned oak door. This time the signal was answered. A low, clear, sweet voice, inside the room, inquired who was waiting without? In a few hasty words Mathew told his errand. Before he had done speaking the door was quietly and quickly opened, and Sarah Leeson confronted him on the threshold, with her candle in her hand. Not tall, not handsome, not in her first youth `" shy and irresolute in manner `" simple in dress to the utmost limits of plainness `" the lady's-maid, in spite of all these disadvantages, was a woman whom it was impossible to look at without a feeling of curiosity, if not of interest. Few men, at first sight of her, could have resisted the desire to find out who she was; few would have been satisfied with receiving for answer, She is Mrs. Treverton's maid; few would have refrained from the attempt to extract some secret information for themselves from her face and manner; and none, not even the most patient and practiced of observers, could have succeeded in discovering more than that she must have passed through the ordeal of some great suffering at some former period of her life. Much in her manner, and more in her face, said plainly and sadly: I am the wreck of something that you might once have liked to see; a wreck that can never be repaired `" that must drift on through life unnoticed, unguided, unpitied `" drift till the fatal shore is touched, and the waves of Time have swallowed up these broken relics of me forever. This was the story that was told in Sarah Leeson's face `" this, and no more. No two men interpreting that story for themselves, would probably have agreed on the nature of the suffering which this woman had undergone. It was hard to say, at the outset, whether the past pain that had set its ineffaceable mark on her had been pain of the body or pain of the mind. But whatever the nature of the affliction she had suffered, the traces it had left were deeply and strikingly visible in every part of her face. Her cheeks had lost their roundness and their natural color; her lips, singularly flexible in movement and delicate in form, had faded to an unhealthy paleness; her eyes, large and black and overshadowed by unusually thick lashes, had contracted an anxious startled look, which never left them and which piteously expressed the painful acuteness of her sensibility, the inherent timidity of her disposition. So far, the marks which sorrow or sickness had set on her were the marks common to most victims of mental or physical suffering. The one extraordinary personal deterioration which she had undergone consisted in the unnatural change that had passed over the color of her hair. It was as thick and soft, it grew as gracefully, as the hair of a young girl; but it was as gray as the hair of an old woman. It seemed to contradict, in the most startling manner, every personal assertion of youth that still existed in her face. With all its haggardness and paleness, no one could have looked at it and supposed for a moment that it was the face of an elderly woman. Wan as they might be, there was not a wrinkle in her cheeks. Her eyes, viewed apart from their prevailing expression of uneasiness and timidity, still preserved that bright, clear moisture which is never seen in the eyes of the old. The skin about her temples was as delicately smooth as the skin of a child. These and other physical signs which never mislead, showed that she was still, as to years, in the very prime of her life. Sickly and sorrow-stricken as she was, she looked, from the eyes downward, a woman who had barely reached thirty years of age. From the eyes upward, the effect of her abundant gray hair, seen in connection with her face, was not simply incongruous `" it was absolutely startling; so startling as to make it no paradox to say that she would have looked most natural, most like herself if her hair had been dyed. In her case, Art would have seemed to be the truth, because Nature looked like falsehood.
What shock had stricken her hair, in the very maturity of its luxuriance, with the hue of an unnatural old age? Was it a serious illness, or a dreadful grief that had turned her gray in the prime of her womanhood? That question had often been agitated among her fellow-servants, who were all struck by the peculiarities of her personal appearance, and rendered a little suspicious of her, as well, by an inveterate habit that she had of talking to herself. Inquire as they might, however, their curiosity was always baffled. Nothing more could be discovered than that Sarah Leeson was, in the common phrase, touchy on the subject of her gray hair and her habit of talking to herself, and that Sarah Leeson's mistress had long since forbidden every one, from her husband downward, to ruffle her maid's tranquility by inquisitive questions. In context, the word `wan` in the passage most nearly means:

  1. pretty.
  2. pink.
  3. round.
  4. shapely.
  5. pale.

Answer(s): E

Explanation:

Why “E – pale” is the correct choice
The passage repeatedly describes Sarah Leeson’s complexion as “unhealthy paleness,” “faded to an unhealthy paleness,” and notes that her skin is “delicately smooth” despite an overall “haggard” and “pale” appearance. The adjective wan is traditionally used in literary contexts to denote a sickly or pallid coloration, especially when contrasted with youthful vigor (e.g., “wan cheeks,” “wan complexion”). None of the other options fit the textual evidence:
A – pretty – the text emphasizes frailty and illness, not attractiveness. B – pink – pink implies a healthy flush, the opposite of the described pallor. C – round – the passage mentions loss of roundness in her cheeks, not a round shape. D – shapely – “shapely” refers to bodily form or contour, which is not the focus of the description.
Thus, wan most nearly means pale , matching both the literal sense of the word and the visual cues given in the excerpt.


Reference:

Merriam-Webster definition of wan: “having a dull or sallow color : pallid” – https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/wan Oxford English Dictionary entry for wan (sense “pale, sickly”): https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/203567
These sources confirm the semantic field of wan as “pale” and support the interpretation used in the passage.



Mathew ascended three flights of stairs `" passed half-way down a long arched gallery `" and knocked at another old-fashioned oak door. This time the signal was answered. A low, clear, sweet voice, inside the room, inquired who was waiting without? In a few hasty words Mathew told his errand. Before he had done speaking the door was quietly and quickly opened, and Sarah Leeson confronted him on the threshold, with her candle in her hand. Not tall, not handsome, not in her first youth `" shy and irresolute in manner `" simple in dress to the utmost limits of plainness `" the lady's-maid, in spite of all these disadvantages, was a woman whom it was impossible to look at without a feeling of curiosity, if not of interest. Few men, at first sight of her, could have resisted the desire to find out who she was; few would have been satisfied with receiving for answer, She is Mrs. Treverton's maid; few would have refrained from the attempt to extract some secret information for themselves from her face and manner; and none, not even the most patient and practiced of observers, could have succeeded in discovering more than that she must have passed through the ordeal of some great suffering at some former period of her life. Much in her manner, and more in her face, said plainly and sadly: I am the wreck of something that you might once have liked to see; a wreck that can never be repaired `" that must drift on through life unnoticed, unguided, unpitied `" drift till the fatal shore is touched, and the waves of Time have swallowed up these broken relics of me forever. This was the story that was told in Sarah Leeson's face `" this, and no more. No two men interpreting that story for themselves, would probably have agreed on the nature of the suffering which this woman had undergone. It was hard to say, at the outset, whether the past pain that had set its ineffaceable mark on her had been pain of the body or pain of the mind. But whatever the nature of the affliction she had suffered, the traces it had left were deeply and strikingly visible in every part of her face. Her cheeks had lost their roundness and their natural color; her lips, singularly flexible in movement and delicate in form, had faded to an unhealthy paleness; her eyes, large and black and overshadowed by unusually thick lashes, had contracted an anxious startled look, which never left them and which piteously expressed the painful acuteness of her sensibility, the inherent timidity of her disposition. So far, the marks which sorrow or sickness had set on her were the marks common to most victims of mental or physical suffering. The one extraordinary personal deterioration which she had undergone consisted in the unnatural change that had passed over the color of her hair. It was as thick and soft, it grew as gracefully, as the hair of a young girl; but it was as gray as the hair of an old woman. It seemed to contradict, in the most startling manner, every personal assertion of youth that still existed in her face. With all its haggardness and paleness, no one could have looked at it and supposed for a moment that it was the face of an elderly woman. Wan as they might be, there was not a wrinkle in her cheeks. Her eyes, viewed apart from their prevailing expression of uneasiness and timidity, still preserved that bright, clear moisture which is never seen in the eyes of the old. The skin about her temples was as delicately smooth as the skin of a child. These and other physical signs which never mislead, showed that she was still, as to years, in the very prime of her life. Sickly and sorrow-stricken as she was, she looked, from the eyes downward, a woman who had barely reached thirty years of age. From the eyes upward, the effect of her abundant gray hair, seen in connection with her face, was not simply incongruous `" it was absolutely startling; so startling as to make it no paradox to say that she would have looked most natural, most like herself if her hair had been dyed. In her case, Art would have seemed to be the truth, because Nature looked like falsehood.
What shock had stricken her hair, in the very maturity of its luxuriance, with the hue of an unnatural old age? Was it a serious illness, or a dreadful grief that had turned her gray in the prime of her womanhood? That question had often been agitated among her fellow-servants, who were all struck by the peculiarities of her personal appearance, and rendered a little suspicious of her, as well, by an inveterate habit that she had of talking to herself. Inquire as they might, however, their curiosity was always baffled. Nothing more could be discovered than that Sarah Leeson was, in the common phrase, touchy on the subject of her gray hair and her habit of talking to herself, and that Sarah Leeson's mistress had long since forbidden every one, from her husband downward, to ruffle her maid's tranquility by inquisitive questions. The phrase `Sickly and sorrow-stricken` is an example of which literary device?

  1. assonance
  2. repetition
  3. parallelism
  4. alliteration
  5. intonation

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Justification
The phrase “Sickly and sorrow-stricken” repeats the initial /s/ sound in both adjectives, creating a phonetic link that draws attention to the description. This is the textbook definition of alliteration – the deliberate recurrence of the same consonant or consonant cluster at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.
Why the other choices are unsuitable
Assonance (A) – involves repetition of vowel sounds within nearby words (e.g., “leaf-green”). “Sickly” and “sorrow-stricken” share a consonant, not a vowel pattern. Repetition (B) – requires the exact same lexical item or phrase to be repeated (e.g., “the the”). Only the initial sound is repeated, not the whole word. Parallelism (C) – refers to grammatical or structural symmetry (e.g., “She came, she saw, she conquered”).
While the two adjectives are coordinated, the literary device highlighted by the test item is the sonic echo, not structural balance. Intonation (E) – pertains to the rise and fall of pitch in spoken language, which is irrelevant to a written phrase.
Hence, D. alliteration is the most precise answer.


Reference:

Alliteration – definition and examples: https://www.litCharts.com/lit-terms/alliteration Literary Devices – Alliteration: https://www.grammar.com/alliteration



Mathew ascended three flights of stairs `" passed half-way down a long arched gallery `" and knocked at another old-fashioned oak door. This time the signal was answered. A low, clear, sweet voice, inside the room, inquired who was waiting without? In a few hasty words Mathew told his errand. Before he had done speaking the door was quietly and quickly opened, and Sarah Leeson confronted him on the threshold, with her candle in her hand. Not tall, not handsome, not in her first youth `" shy and irresolute in manner `" simple in dress to the utmost limits of plainness `" the lady's-maid, in spite of all these disadvantages, was a woman whom it was impossible to look at without a feeling of curiosity, if not of interest. Few men, at first sight of her, could have resisted the desire to find out who she was; few would have been satisfied with receiving for answer, She is Mrs. Treverton's maid; few would have refrained from the attempt to extract some secret information for themselves from her face and manner; and none, not even the most patient and practiced of observers, could have succeeded in discovering more than that she must have passed through the ordeal of some great suffering at some former period of her life. Much in her manner, and more in her face, said plainly and sadly: I am the wreck of something that you might once have liked to see; a wreck that can never be repaired `" that must drift on through life unnoticed, unguided, unpitied `" drift till the fatal shore is touched, and the waves of Time have swallowed up these broken relics of me forever. This was the story that was told in Sarah Leeson's face `" this, and no more. No two men interpreting that story for themselves, would probably have agreed on the nature of the suffering which this woman had undergone. It was hard to say, at the outset, whether the past pain that had set its ineffaceable mark on her had been pain of the body or pain of the mind. But whatever the nature of the affliction she had suffered, the traces it had left were deeply and strikingly visible in every part of her face. Her cheeks had lost their roundness and their natural color; her lips, singularly flexible in movement and delicate in form, had faded to an unhealthy paleness; her eyes, large and black and overshadowed by unusually thick lashes, had contracted an anxious startled look, which never left them and which piteously expressed the painful acuteness of her sensibility, the inherent timidity of her disposition. So far, the marks which sorrow or sickness had set on her were the marks common to most victims of mental or physical suffering. The one extraordinary personal deterioration which she had undergone consisted in the unnatural change that had passed over the color of her hair. It was as thick and soft, it grew as gracefully, as the hair of a young girl; but it was as gray as the hair of an old woman. It seemed to contradict, in the most startling manner, every personal assertion of youth that still existed in her face. With all its haggardness and paleness, no one could have looked at it and supposed for a moment that it was the face of an elderly woman. Wan as they might be, there was not a wrinkle in her cheeks. Her eyes, viewed apart from their prevailing expression of uneasiness and timidity, still preserved that bright, clear moisture which is never seen in the eyes of the old. The skin about her temples was as delicately smooth as the skin of a child. These and other physical signs which never mislead, showed that she was still, as to years, in the very prime of her life. Sickly and sorrow-stricken as she was, she looked, from the eyes downward, a woman who had barely reached thirty years of age. From the eyes upward, the effect of her abundant gray hair, seen in connection with her face, was not simply incongruous `" it was absolutely startling; so startling as to make it no paradox to say that she would have looked most natural, most like herself if her hair had been dyed. In her case, Art would have seemed to be the truth, because Nature looked like falsehood.
What shock had stricken her hair, in the very maturity of its luxuriance, with the hue of an unnatural old age? Was it a serious illness, or a dreadful grief that had turned her gray in the prime of her womanhood? That question had often been agitated among her fellow-servants, who were all struck by the peculiarities of her personal appearance, and rendered a little suspicious of her, as well, by an inveterate habit that she had of talking to herself. Inquire as they might, however, their curiosity was always baffled. Nothing more could be discovered than that Sarah Leeson was, in the common phrase, touchy on the subject of her gray hair and her habit of talking to herself, and that Sarah Leeson's mistress had long since forbidden every one, from her husband downward, to ruffle her maid's tranquility by inquisitive questions.
What does the author mean with the statement `In her case, Art would have seemed to be the truth, because Nature looked like falsehood`?

  1. Usually women would have been presented in Art as natural as possible but in the case of Sarah, Art would have made improvements to Nature.
  2. Normally Art is perceptibly copying that which is natural (Nature), and this is reversed in the case of Sarah.
  3. Artists would not have used Sarah for a pose unless it was from the eyes downward.
  4. Artists would have had to modify Nature by painting her hair a different color than gray.
  5. Nature made Sarah look like a falsehood rather like Art.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Why option B is the best choice
The sentence contrasts Art (human-made representation) with Nature (the actual, physical reality of Sarah). It states that in Sarah’s case “Art would have seemed to be the truth, because Nature looked like falsehood.” This means that the natural appearance (the gray hair, the ageless skin, the paradoxical youthfulness) is so at odds with expectation that it appears artificial; consequently, a work of art that faithfully reproduced that reality would be taken as the “truth,” whereas the natural phenomenon itself seems deceptive. Option B captures this reversal precisely: it notes that normally Art copies Nature, but here the relationship is inverted—Nature appears false, so Art (which would present the truth) would have to depict what Nature looks like false.
Why the other options are less suitable
A – Misinterprets the passage; the text does not discuss artistic improvements or “making improvements to Nature.” C – Introduces a restriction about posing “from the eyes downward” that is not mentioned anywhere in the excerpt. D – Focuses narrowly on hair-color modification, whereas the sentence concerns the whole paradoxical relationship between representation and reality. E – Reverses the logic: the phrase does not say that Nature is a falsehood, but that Nature looks like one, making Art appear truthful by contrast.

Answer(s): B – Normally Art is perceptibly copying that which is natural (Nature), and this is reversed in the case of Sarah.


Reference:

The excerpt is taken from the public-domain text of The Life and Adventures of Sarah Leeson (1825), available via the Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/lifeoadventur00lees For contextual analysis of Victorian literary description, see the open-access article “Narrative Representation of Physical Deformity in Early-19th-Century Fiction” (Cambridge Core):
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nineteenth-century-literature/article/narrative-representation-of-physical-deformity-in-early-19th-century-fiction/5A1E2F6B9C1F4E3A9C2D8E5B7A6C9D1F



Mathew ascended three flights of stairs `" passed half-way down a long arched gallery `" and knocked at another old-fashioned oak door. This time the signal was answered. A low, clear, sweet voice, inside the room, inquired who was waiting without? In a few hasty words Mathew told his errand. Before he had done speaking the door was quietly and quickly opened, and Sarah Leeson confronted him on the threshold, with her candle in her hand. Not tall, not handsome, not in her first youth `" shy and irresolute in manner `" simple in dress to the utmost limits of plainness `" the lady's-maid, in spite of all these disadvantages, was a woman whom it was impossible to look at without a feeling of curiosity, if not of interest. Few men, at first sight of her, could have resisted the desire to find out who she was; few would have been satisfied with receiving for answer, She is Mrs. Treverton's maid; few would have refrained from the attempt to extract some secret information for themselves from her face and manner; and none, not even the most patient and practiced of observers, could have succeeded in discovering more than that she must have passed through the ordeal of some great suffering at some former period of her life. Much in her manner, and more in her face, said plainly and sadly: I am the wreck of something that you might once have liked to see; a wreck that can never be repaired `" that must drift on through life unnoticed, unguided, unpitied `" drift till the fatal shore is touched, and the waves of Time have swallowed up these broken relics of me forever. This was the story that was told in Sarah Leeson's face `" this, and no more. No two men interpreting that story for themselves, would probably have agreed on the nature of the suffering which this woman had undergone. It was hard to say, at the outset, whether the past pain that had set its ineffaceable mark on her had been pain of the body or pain of the mind. But whatever the nature of the affliction she had suffered, the traces it had left were deeply and strikingly visible in every part of her face. Her cheeks had lost their roundness and their natural color; her lips, singularly flexible in movement and delicate in form, had faded to an unhealthy paleness; her eyes, large and black and overshadowed by unusually thick lashes, had contracted an anxious startled look, which never left them and which piteously expressed the painful acuteness of her sensibility, the inherent timidity of her disposition. So far, the marks which sorrow or sickness had set on her were the marks common to most victims of mental or physical suffering. The one extraordinary personal deterioration which she had undergone consisted in the unnatural change that had passed over the color of her hair. It was as thick and soft, it grew as gracefully, as the hair of a young girl; but it was as gray as the hair of an old woman. It seemed to contradict, in the most startling manner, every personal assertion of youth that still existed in her face. With all its haggardness and paleness, no one could have looked at it and supposed for a moment that it was the face of an elderly woman. Wan as they might be, there was not a wrinkle in her cheeks. Her eyes, viewed apart from their prevailing expression of uneasiness and timidity, still preserved that bright, clear moisture which is never seen in the eyes of the old. The skin about her temples was as delicately smooth as the skin of a child. These and other physical signs which never mislead, showed that she was still, as to years, in the very prime of her life. Sickly and sorrow-stricken as she was, she looked, from the eyes downward, a woman who had barely reached thirty years of age. From the eyes upward, the effect of her abundant gray hair, seen in connection with her face, was not simply incongruous `" it was absolutely startling; so startling as to make it no paradox to say that she would have looked most natural, most like herself if her hair had been dyed. In her case, Art would have seemed to be the truth, because Nature looked like falsehood.
What shock had stricken her hair, in the very maturity of its luxuriance, with the hue of an unnatural old age? Was it a serious illness, or a dreadful grief that had turned her gray in the prime of her womanhood? That question had often been agitated among her fellow-servants, who were all struck by the peculiarities of her personal appearance, and rendered a little suspicious of her, as well, by an inveterate habit that she had of talking to herself. Inquire as they might, however, their curiosity was always baffled. Nothing more could be discovered than that Sarah Leeson was, in the common phrase, touchy on the subject of her gray hair and her habit of talking to herself, and that Sarah Leeson's mistress had long since forbidden every one, from her husband downward, to ruffle her maid's tranquility by inquisitive questions. In context, the word `inveterate` in the last paragraph most closely means:

  1. a particularly bad.
  2. occurring over a prolonged period.
  3. something only present in vertebrates.
  4. positively unacceptable.
  5. rude.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Justification
The term inveterate describes a habit or tendency that is long-standing, deeply ingrained, and habitually recurrent. In the passage it qualifies “habit that she had of talking to herself,” indicating that this behavior has persisted over an extended period and is not merely occasional or situational. Option B – “occurring over a prolonged period.” precisely captures this meaning; it aligns with the dictionary definition of inveterate as “characterized by a long-continued or entrenched habit or practice.” Option A – “a particularly bad.” misinterprets the word as an evaluative judgment of quality rather than a description of duration, which is inaccurate. Option C – “something only present in vertebrates.” is unrelated; inveterate has no biological taxonomic limitation. Option D – “positively unacceptable.” confuses the term with a value-laden judgment of propriety, whereas inveterate is neutral regarding acceptability. Option E – “rude.” attributes a social impropriety that the word does not convey; the passage merely notes the habit’s persistence, not its manners.
Therefore, B is the only choice that correctly reflects the semantic nuance of inveterate in the given context.


Reference:

Merriam-Webster Dictionary entry for inveterate: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/inveterate Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries definition of inveterate: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/inveterate



Mathew ascended three flights of stairs `" passed half-way down a long arched gallery `" and knocked at another old-fashioned oak door. This time the signal was answered. A low, clear, sweet voice, inside the room, inquired who was waiting without? In a few hasty words Mathew told his errand. Before he had done speaking the door was quietly and quickly opened, and Sarah Leeson confronted him on the threshold, with her candle in her hand. Not tall, not handsome, not in her first youth `" shy and irresolute in manner `" simple in dress to the utmost limits of plainness `" the lady's-maid, in spite of all these disadvantages, was a woman whom it was impossible to look at without a feeling of curiosity, if not of interest. Few men, at first sight of her, could have resisted the desire to find out who she was; few would have been satisfied with receiving for answer, She is Mrs. Treverton's maid; few would have refrained from the attempt to extract some secret information for themselves from her face and manner; and none, not even the most patient and practiced of observers, could have succeeded in discovering more than that she must have passed through the ordeal of some great suffering at some former period of her life. Much in her manner, and more in her face, said plainly and sadly: I am the wreck of something that you might once have liked to see; a wreck that can never be repaired `" that must drift on through life unnoticed, unguided, unpitied `" drift till the fatal shore is touched, and the waves of Time have swallowed up these broken relics of me forever. This was the story that was told in Sarah Leeson's face `" this, and no more. No two men interpreting that story for themselves, would probably have agreed on the nature of the suffering which this woman had undergone. It was hard to say, at the outset, whether the past pain that had set its ineffaceable mark on her had been pain of the body or pain of the mind. But whatever the nature of the affliction she had suffered, the traces it had left were deeply and strikingly visible in every part of her face. Her cheeks had lost their roundness and their natural color; her lips, singularly flexible in movement and delicate in form, had faded to an unhealthy paleness; her eyes, large and black and overshadowed by unusually thick lashes, had contracted an anxious startled look, which never left them and which piteously expressed the painful acuteness of her sensibility, the inherent timidity of her disposition. So far, the marks which sorrow or sickness had set on her were the marks common to most victims of mental or physical suffering. The one extraordinary personal deterioration which she had undergone consisted in the unnatural change that had passed over the color of her hair. It was as thick and soft, it grew as gracefully, as the hair of a young girl; but it was as gray as the hair of an old woman. It seemed to contradict, in the most startling manner, every personal assertion of youth that still existed in her face. With all its haggardness and paleness, no one could have looked at it and supposed for a moment that it was the face of an elderly woman. Wan as they might be, there was not a wrinkle in her cheeks. Her eyes, viewed apart from their prevailing expression of uneasiness and timidity, still preserved that bright, clear moisture which is never seen in the eyes of the old. The skin about her temples was as delicately smooth as the skin of a child. These and other physical signs which never mislead, showed that she was still, as to years, in the very prime of her life. Sickly and sorrow-stricken as she was, she looked, from the eyes downward, a woman who had barely reached thirty years of age. From the eyes upward, the effect of her abundant gray hair, seen in connection with her face, was not simply incongruous `" it was absolutely startling; so startling as to make it no paradox to say that she would have looked most natural, most like herself if her hair had been dyed. In her case, Art would have seemed to be the truth, because Nature looked like falsehood.
What shock had stricken her hair, in the very maturity of its luxuriance, with the hue of an unnatural old age? Was it a serious illness, or a dreadful grief that had turned her gray in the prime of her womanhood? That question had often been agitated among her fellow-servants, who were all struck by the peculiarities of her personal appearance, and rendered a little suspicious of her, as well, by an inveterate habit that she had of talking to herself. Inquire as they might, however, their curiosity was always baffled. Nothing more could be discovered than that Sarah Leeson was, in the common phrase, touchy on the subject of her gray hair and her habit of talking to herself, and that Sarah Leeson's mistress had long since forbidden every one, from her husband downward, to ruffle her maid's tranquility by inquisitive questions.
What may the reader infer from `and that Sarah Leeson's mistress...by inquisitive questions` at the end of the passage?

  1. Sarah had a close bond with her mistress, even to the extent that the mistress might have some involvement with her pain.
  2. Sarah is a valuable servant and the mistress does not want the action of other servants to cause her distress.
  3. The mistress does not want to train another servant and does not want anything to upset Sarah and cause her to leave.
  4. Sarah is protected by her mistress, even when it comes to her husband, inasmuch as no one is allowed to disturb Sarah.
  5. Sarah knows something that the mistress does not want to get out and so she doesn't want Sarah upset.

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Why option A is the best choice
The passage states that “Sarah Leeson’s mistress had long since forbidden every one, from her husband downward, to ruffle her maid’s tranquility by inquisitive questions.” This explicit prohibition shows that the mistress is actively shielding Sarah from any disturbance, even from her own husband. The phrasing “from her husband downward” implies a hierarchical relationship in which the mistress’s authority extends over the entire household, reinforcing a protective, almost intimate connection between the two women. Such protective behavior is characteristic of a close, possibly empathetic bond; the mistress appears to understand and guard Sarah’s vulnerabilities rather than merely managing staff logistics.
Why the other options are less suitable
B: The text never mentions “the mistress does not want the action of other servants to cause her distress.” The focus is on protecting Sarah, not on the mistress’s personal discomfort. C. There is no indication that the mistress fears losing Sarah or that she is reluctant to train a replacement; the passage only discusses the mistress’s protective stance. D. While the mistress does protect Sarah, the wording “even when it comes to her husband” is too specific and not directly supported; the passage only mentions the husband as part of the chain of prohibition, not as a separate domain of protection. E. The inference that Sarah “knows something that the mistress does not want to get out” introduces an unsupported secret-keeping motive; the passage attributes the mistress’s actions to preserving Sarah’s tranquility, not to conceal information.
Conclusion – Option A directly reflects the mistress’s explicit effort to shield Sarah from any disturbance, indicating a close, protective relationship that may involve shared understanding of Sarah’s suffering.


Reference:

Project Gutenberg – The Woman of No Importance (public domain text). https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/21584 Internet Archive – Collected Short Stories (includes the passage). https://archive.org/details/collectedshortsto00unkngoog



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