QUESTION: 217

Which of the following best completes the passage below?
A primary factor in perpetuating the low salaries of women workers has been their segregation in the so-called pink-collar occupations, such as nursing, teaching, library science, and secretarial work. Partly because these jobs have traditionally been held by women, their salary levels have been depressed, and, despite increased attempts to unionize these workers in recent years, their pay continues to lag. Moreover, although a large percentage of women than ever before are now entering and remaining in the job market, most continue to gravitate toward the pink-collar fields, despite the lower salaries. It seems clear, therefore, that if the average salaries of women workers are to approach those of men,

labor unions must redouble their efforts to improve the lot of working women
society’s perception of pink-collar jobs as less important and less demanding than other jobs must be changed
more men must be encouraged to enter fields traditionally occupied by women
the number of jobs in the pink-collar fields relative to the size of the work force as a whole must be markedly increased
more women must enter occupations other than those traditionally reserved for them

Answer(s): E

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QUESTION: 218

Determining the authenticity of purported pre-Columbian artifacts is never easy. Carbon-14 dating of these artifacts is often impossible due to contamination by radioactive palladium (which occurs naturally in the soils of Central and South America). However, historians and anthropologists have evolved two reliable criteria, which, utilized in combination, have proven effective for dating these artifacts. First, because authentic pre-Columbian artifacts characteristically occur in a coarse, granular matrix that is shifted by major earthquakes, they often exhibit the unique scratch patterns known as girding. In addition, true pre-Columbian artifacts show a darkening in surface color that is caused by centuries of exposure to the minute amounts of magnesium in the soil of the Americas.

The criteria above would be LEAST useful in judging the authenticity of which of the following?

An ax head of black obsidian, unearthed from a kitchen midden
A pottery bowl with a red ocher design, found in the ruins of a temple
A set of gold ear weights, ornamented with jasper pendants
A black feather cape from a king’s burial vault
A multicolored woven sash found near the gravesite of a slave

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 219

From time to time, the press indulges in outbursts of indignation over the use of false or misleading information by the U.S. government in support of its policies and programs. No one endorses needless deception. But consider this historical analogy. It is known that Christopher Columbus, on his first voyage to the New World, deliberately falsified the log to show a shorter sailing distance for each day out than the ships had actually traveled. In this way, Columbus was able to convince his skeptical sailors that they had not sailed past the point at which they expected to find the shores of India. Without this deception, Columbus’s sailors might well have mutinied, and the New World might never have been discovered.

The author of the passage above assumes each of the following EXCEPT:

Government deception of the press is often motivated by worthy objectives.
Without government deception, popular support for worthwhile government policies and programs might well fade.
Attacks on the government by the press are often politically motivated.
Deception for deception’s sake should not be condoned.
A greater good may sometimes require acceptance of a lesser evil.

Answer(s): C

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QUESTION: 220

From time to time, the press indulges in outbursts of indignation over the use of false or misleading information by the U.S. government in support of its policies and programs. No one endorses needless deception. But consider this historical analogy. It is known that Christopher Columbus, on his first voyage to the New World, deliberately falsified the log to show a shorter sailing distance for each day out than the ships had actually traveled. In this way, Columbus was able to convince his skeptical sailors that they had not sailed past the point at which they expected to find the shores of India. Without this deception, Columbus’s sailors might well have mutinied, and the New World might never have been discovered.

Which of the following is the main weakness of the historical analogy drawn in the passage above?

The sailors in Columbus’s crew never knew that they had been deceived, while government deception is generally uncovered by the press.
A ship’s log is a record intended mainly for use by the captain, while press reports are generally disseminated for use by the public at large.
The members of a ship’s crew are selected by the captain of the ship, while those who work in the press are self-selected.
The crew of a ship is responsible for the success of a voyage, while the press is not responsible for the use others make of the factual information it publishes.
In a democracy, the people are expected to participate in the nation’s political decision making, while the members of a ship’s crew are expected simply to obey the orders of the captain.

Answer(s): E

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QUESTION: 217

QUESTION: 218

QUESTION: 219

QUESTION: 220