QUESTION: 229

Since the invention of digital readout, machine designers have rushed to replace conventional dials and gauges with digital units. Yet the digital gauge has drawbacks in some situations. Since it presents an exact numeric value, it must be decoded and analyzed by a human operator; its meaning cannot be read in an instantaneous scanning. An analog dial or gauge can be marked with red to alert the operator when a value is entering a danger zone; a digital gauge cannot. And it is difficult to tell whether a digital readout is increasing or decreasing over time, while the up or down movement of a pointer on an analog gauge can be quickly and easily observed.

The author of the passage above would probably recommend the use of digital gauge in cases when

I) warning of a sudden rise or fall in value is needed
II) an operator must read and interpret several gauges within a few seconds
III) a precise numeric value is essential

I only
III only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II, and III

Answer(s): B

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QUESTION: 230

Contrary to the statements of labor leaders, the central economic problem facing America today is not the distribution of wealth. It is productivity. With the productivity of U.S. industry stagnant, or even declining slightly, the economic pie is no longer growing. Labor leaders, of course, point to what they consider an unfair distribution of the slices of pie to justify their demands for further increases in wages and benefits. And in the past, when the pie was still growing, management could afford to acquiesce. No longer. Until productivity resumes its growth, there can be no justification for further increases in the compensation of workers.
Which of the following statements by a labor leader focuses on the logical weakness in the argument above?

Although the economic pie is no longer growing, the portion of the pie allocated to American workers remains unjustly small.
If management fails to accommodate the demands of workers, labor leaders will be forced to call strikes that will cripple the operation of industry.
Although productivity is stagnant, the U.S. population is growing, so that the absolute size of the economic pie continues to grow as well.
As a labor leader, I can be concerned only with the needs of working people, not with the problems faced by management.
The stagnation of U.S. industry has been caused largely by factors — such as foreign competition — beyond the control of American workers.

Answer(s): A

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QUESTION: 231

Freud’s theories of the workings of the mind, while brilliant for their day, were formulated before most of this century’s great advances in neurophysiology and biochemistry. Today, we have a far deeper understanding of the biological components of thought, emotion, and behavior than was dreamed of eighty years ago. It would be foolish to continue parroting Freud’s psychological theories as if these advances had never occurred.

It can be inferred from the passage above that the author would be most likely to favor

the abandonment of most of Freud’s theories
a greater reliance on biological rather than psychological explanations of behavior
a critical reexamination of Freud’s place in the history of psychology
a reexamination of Freud’s theories in the light of contemporary biology
increased financial support for studies in neurophysiology and biochemistry

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 232

To avoid a hostile takeover attempt, the board of directors of Wellco, Inc., a provider of life and health insurance, planned to take out large loans and use them to purchase a publishing company, a chocolate factory, and a nationwide chain of movie theaters. The directors anticipated that these purchase initially would plunge the corporation deep into debt, rendering it unattractive to those who wanted to take it over, but that steadily rising insurance rates would allow the company to pay off the debt within five years. Meanwhile, revenues from the three new businesses would enable the corporation as a whole to continue to meet its increased operating expenses. Ultimately, according o the directors’ plan, the diversification would strengthen the corporation by varying the sources and schedules of its annual revenues.

Which of the following, assuming that all are equally possible, would most enhance the chances of the plan’s success?

A widespread drought decreases the availability of cacao beans, from which chocolate is manufacture, diving up chocolate prices worldwide.
New government regulations require a 30 percent across-the-board rate rollback of all insurance companies, to begin immediately and to be completed within a five-year period.
Congress enacts a statute, effective after six months, making it illegal for any parent not to carry health insurance coverage for his or her child.
Large-screen televisions drop dramatically in price due to surprise alterations in trade barriers with Japan; movie theater attendance dwindles as a consequence.
A new, inexpensive process is discovered for making paper pulp, and paper prices fall to 60 percent of their former level.

Answer(s): C

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QUESTION: 229

QUESTION: 230

QUESTION: 231

QUESTION: 232