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Certified Professional in Healthcare Quality Questions 86–90 (page: 19)

Updated On: 9-Feb-2026

Systematic sampling is achieved by numbering or ordering each element in the population (e.g., time order, alphabetical order, and medical order) and then selecting every kth element. The key point that most people ignore when doing a systematic sample is that:

  1. The starting point for selecting every kth element should be guaranteed through a random process and should be equal to or less than k but greater than zero.
  2. The starting point for selecting every kth element should be guaranteed through a random process and should be less than k but greater than zero.
  3. The starting point for selecting every kth element should be guaranteed through a random process and should be greater than zero.
  4. The starting point for selecting every kth element should be guaranteed through a random process and should be equal to or greater than zero.

Answer(s): A



A random sampling also can be drawn by placing equally sized pieces of paper with a range of numbers on them (e.g., 1 to 100) in a bowl and picking a predetermined number to be the sample.
The problem with simple random samples is that:

  1. They may under represent segments of population
  2. They may over represent segments of population
  3. They may over or under-represent segments of population
  4. They cannot truly depict the samples

Answer(s): C



Convenience sampling produces a biased sample that is basically a collection of anecdotes that cannot be applied generally to larger populations. Convenience sampling is also known as:

  1. Quota sampling
  2. Judgment sampling
  3. Expert sampling
  4. Chunk sampling

Answer(s): D



Quota sampling was developed in the late 1930s and used extensively by the Gallup organization. Babbie (1979) describes the steps involved in developing a quota sample. All of the following are out of those steps EXCEPT:

  1. Develop a matrix describing the characteristics of the target population. This may entail knowing the proportion of male and female; various age, racial and ethnic proportions; as well as the education and income levels of the population
  2. Once the matrix has been created and a relative proportion assigned to each cell in the matrix, data are collected from persons having all the characteristics of a given cell
  3. All persons in a given cell are then assigned a weight appropriate to their proportion of the total
  4. When all the sample elements are so weighted, the overall data should provide a reasonable representation of the majority of the samples

Answer(s): D



Statistical analysis conducted with control charts is different from what some consider "traditional research" (e.g. hypothesis testing, development of p-values, design of randomized clinic trials). Traditional research is designed to compare the results at time one (e.g. the cholesterol levels of a group of middle-aged men) with the results at time two (typically months after the initial measure). Research conducted in this manner is referred to as___________________.

  1. Static group comparison
  2. Continuous distribution
  3. SPC
  4. None of these

Answer(s): A



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