DRAG DROP (Drag and Drop is not supported)When encountering network failures, engineers often use layered failure handling methods. Because all models follow the same basic premise, when all the low-level structures of the model work normally, its high-level structures can work normally. Please match the following check items with the corresponding level according to the tiered method. Select and Place:
Answer(s): A
DRAG DROP (Drag and Drop is not supported)Please sort by the cutover execution steps.Select and Place:
FILL BLANKIn the process of daily troubleshooting, engineers may need to check some alarm information of the device. Turn on the debugging/log/alarm information sent by the terminal display information center by executing the terminal () command. (Please use English lowercase letters to complete the command, and the command cannot be abbreviated)
FILL BLANKIGP converges faster than BGP, which may cause network traffic loss. By enabling the OSPF and BGP linkage feature of the device, the device remains as a () router within the set linkage time, so that the link metric value in the advertised LSA is the maximum value, thereby telling other OSPF devices not to use this router to forward data, so as to avoid the loss of traffic. (Note: If English letters are involved, all capitals are required)
On the OSPF network shown in the figure, the cost values of links are marked, and OSPF IP FRR is enabled on R1. Which of the following statements are true? (Choose all that apply.)
Answer(s): B,C,D
No backup path can be established between R1 and 10.0.3.3/32. Incorrect: In the given topology, a backup path can be established via R4 if the primary path through S1 fails. The OSPF IP FRR mechanism allows for backup routes to be calculated and installed in advance.If S1 is powered off, R1 directly uses the backup path to forward packets to R3. Correct: If S1 is powered off, R1 will use the alternate path through R4 to reach R2 and then R3. OSPF IP FRR ensures a pre-calculated backup route is installed when the primary route becomes unavailable.If BFD (with default detection parameters) is enabled on the entire network and the link between R2 and S1 is disconnected, R1 can quickly detect the OSPF adjacency fault. Correct: BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) can quickly detect link failures, including those between R2 and S1. With default BFD detection parameters, the network would quickly detect the loss of adjacency, and R1 would switch to the backup path if necessary.If the link between R1 and S1 is disconnected, R1 directly uses the backup path to forward packets to R3. Correct: When the link between R1 and S1 is disconnected, OSPF IP FRR would cause R1 to use the backup path through R4 to forward traffic to R3.
On the OSPF network shown in the figure, the cost values of links are marked, and OSPF IP FRR is enabled on R1. Which of the following statements is false?
If the link between R1 and S1 is disconnected, R1 recalculates the optimal path to R3 and performs path switching instantly. False: OSPF IP FRR pre-installs backup paths, so if the link between R1 and S1 is disconnected, R1 does not need to recalculate the path to R3. Instead, R1 instantly switches to the backup path through R4 without needing to go through a recalculation process. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
On a stable network that requires fast route convergence, you can change the value of the interval at which OSPF LSAs are updated to 0 so that topology or route changes can be immediately advertised on the network through LSAs, which speeds up route convergence.
Answer(s): B
OSPF has a minimum interval between LSA updates to prevent excessive flooding of LSAs, which could lead to network instability. Setting the interval to 0 is not recommended because it would cause constant LSA flooding, leading to high CPU utilization and potential network congestion. OSPF uses mechanisms like SPF throttling or tuning the LSA generation timers to control the rate of updates for fast convergence while maintaining network stability.
On the IS-IS network shown in the figure, R1 imports a default route using the default-route-advertise always level-1 command. In this case, R3 can learn this default route through IS-IS.
In an IS-IS network, routers operate at different levels (Level-1 and Level-2). In the given topology, R1 is a Level-1 router, R2 is a Level-1-2 router, and R3 is a Level-2 router. A default route imported into the Level-1 area (using the default-route-advertise always level-1 command on R1) will only be advertised within the Level-1 domain, which R1 and R2 share. R3, being a Level-2 router, belongs to a different IS-IS area and would not learn the Level-1 default route unless a redistribution occurs between Level-1 and Level-2 areas on R2. Without explicit redistribution of routes between levels, R3 cannot learn the default route.
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