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Free CLEP Science and Mathematics Exam Braindumps (page: 11)

Page 10 of 128
PDF with 494 Questions

Small populations of organisms living in areas with plentiful resources usually

  1. maintain a fairly constant population number over time
  2. reach their carrying capacity after one or two generations
  3. undergo exponential growth
  4. experience a population crash
  5. have few offspring at each reproduction and invest a great deal of energy into parental care of offspring

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Small populations with unlimited resources will experience exponential growth rapid expansion of their population over a brief period of time. Resources are plentiful and organisms can reproduce at their maximal rates. Little parental care is generally offered to the young, and the population will increase until carrying capacity is released, usually over many generations.



All of the following statements concerning mutations are true EXCEPT

  1. Changes in the environment can suddenly lead to certain allelic variants becoming favorable.
  2. Point mutations may alter a single amino acid in a protein, resulting in either nonfunctional or more efficient proteins.
  3. Mutant alleles may increase in frequency in a population if they are linked to some beneficial allele.
  4. Mutations in all body cells can be passed onto offspring.
  5. Gene translocations can move certain alleles closer to promoter regions and result in increased transcription.

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Only mutations in "germ-line" cells, such as sperm and egg cells, can be passed onto offspring. Other mutations remain within the parents' bodies.



Traits within a population that vary from individual to individual in a noncontiguous manner (i.e. two or more forms of a particular trait exist but intermediate forms do not exist) are known as

  1. ecotypes
  2. polymorphisms
  3. clines
  4. recombinants
  5. gene amplifications

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Traits that do not vary in a continuous manner but rather exist as discrete variants within a population are known as polymorphisms and the variants are known as morphs. The typical example used in textbooks is the polymorphism of human ABO blood groups, where there are four distinct morphs (A, B, AB, and O) as blood types, but no phenotypic intermediate types (e.g. some combination between A and O).



The neurons of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system would be most likely to result in which of the following actions?

  1. Digestion of food
  2. Rapid heartbeat
  3. Constriction of the pupils of the eye
  4. Decreased rate of breathing
  5. Activation of the vagus nerve

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is also known as the "fight or flight" branch, responsible for actions that get the body tense and ready for fighting or running away. Digestion slows or stops, pupils dilate to let in more light for better vision, heart rate increases as does breathing, and hairs stand on their ends. The vagus nerve is the major parasympathetic nerve leading to the heart, causing the heartbeat to slow down.






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