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Free CLEP Science and Mathematics Exam Braindumps (page: 21)

Page 20 of 128
PDF with 494 Questions

A dog, presented with a ringing bell upon eating, soon begins to salivate in the presence of the ringing bell alone and no food.

  1. Fixed action pattern
  2. Imprinting
  3. Habituation
  4. Associative learning
  5. Operant conditioning

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Pavlov, the Russian behaviorist, worked with dogs and bells to show that certain behaviors can be coupled with outside stimuli that are, at first, unrelated to the stimulus (e.g., ringing a bell when food is presented to a dog). After a period of time, Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard the bell in the absence of food (they became conditioned to associate the bell with food).



A selective breeding process through which humans are able to pick organisms with particular traits and breed them to produce lines of offspring expressing those traits

  1. Artificial selection
  2. Natural selection
  3. Sexual selection
  4. Habitat selection
  5. Mass extinction

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Selective breeding, often done by humans on farms, is known as artificial selection. It is used to carefully breed plants, cows, and other organisms with certain desirable traits.



Female peacocks are drawn to male peacocks by the relative attractiveness and size of their tail and tail feathers.

  1. Artificial selection
  2. Natural selection
  3. Sexual selection
  4. Habitat selection
  5. Mass extinction

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Sexual selection, related to natural selection, is a phenomenon whereby organisms are successful in mating not because of environmental influences, but rather because of sexual appeal (attractiveness), due perhaps to a song, tail feathers, or other bodily stimuli.



Can create many new, available niches for the rapid growth and adaptive radiation of existing species

  1. Artificial selection
  2. Natural selection
  3. Sexual selection
  4. Habitat selection
  5. Mass extinction

Answer(s): E

Explanation:

Mass extinctions typically wipe out large numbers of organisms so that survivors have plenty of new spaces and resources to spread out into.






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