QUESTION: 113 Topic - Section: Reading

According to the passage, dietary calcium intake

was measured by means of a semi-quantitative medical examination.
was discovered to decrease the chance of symptomatic kidney stone formation, after adjustment for age.
increases the excretion of oxalate through the urinary tract.
is impossible to accurately measure.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

According to the author, dietary calcium intake "was measured by means of a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire," not "by means of a semi-quantitative medical examination." The correct answer is a conclusion of the study discussed in the passage. The fact that 'daily calcium intake decreases the excretion of oxalate through the urinary tract,' is given as background information in the passage's second sentence.

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QUESTION: 114 Topic - Section: Reading

The passage suggests that in conducting this medical study, researchers

drew few conclusions beforehand on the indeterminate outcome of their scientific research.
discovered associations they had not been looking for.
had little interest in calcium’s effect on organs other than the kidneys.
neglected researching how the intake of calcium can reduce urinary excretion of oxalate.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Among the correct inferences that can be drawn from this passage, one is that researchers discovered associations they hadn't been looking for, the cited example being "surprisingly, intake of animal protein was directly associated with the risk of stone formation."

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