QUESTION: 5 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Scientist: Earth’s average annual temperature has increased by about 0.5 degrees Celsius over the last century. This warming is primarily the result of the buildup of minor gases in the atmosphere, blocking the outward flow of heat from the planet.
Which one of the following, if true, would count as evidence against the scientist’s explanation of Earth’s warming?

Only some of the minor gases whose presence in the atmosphere allegedly resulted in the phenomenon described by the scientist were produced by industrial pollution.
Most of the warming occurred before 1940, while most of the buildup of minor gases in the atmosphere occurred after 1940.
Over the last century, Earth received slightly more solar radiation in certain years than it did in others.
Volcanic dust and other particles in the atmosphere reflect much of the Sun’s radiation back into space before it can reach Earth’s surface.
The accumulation of minor gases in the atmosphere has been greater over the last century than at any other time in Earth’s history.

Answer(s): B

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QUESTION: 6 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

An undergraduate degree is necessary for appointment to the executive board. Further, no one with a felony conviction can be appointed to the board. Thus, Murray, an accountant with both a bachelor’s and a master’s degree, cannot be accepted for the position of Executive Administrator, since he has a felony conviction.
The argument’s conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

Anyone with a master’s degree and without a felony conviction is eligible for appointment to the executive board.
Only candidates eligible for appointment to the executive board can be accepted for the position of Executive Administrator.
An undergraduate degree is not necessary for acceptance for the position of Executive Administrator.
If Murray did not have a felony conviction, he would be accepted for the position of Executive Administrator.
The felony charge on which Murray was convicted is relevant to the duties of the position of Executive Administrator.

Answer(s): B

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QUESTION: 7 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Ethicist: The most advanced kind of moral motivation is based solely on abstract principles. This form of motivation is in contrast with calculated self- interest or the desire to adhere to societal norms and conventions.
The actions of which one of the following individuals exhibit the most advanced kind of moral motivation, as described by the ethicist?

Bobby contributed money to a local charity during a charity drive at work because he worried that not doing so would make him look stingy.
Wes contributed money to a local charity during a charity drive at work because he believed that doing so would improve his employer’s opinion of him.
Donna’s employers engaged in an illegal but profitable practice that caused serious damage to the environment. Donna did not report this practice to the authorities, out of fear that her employers would retaliate against her.
Jadine’s employers engaged in an illegal but profitable practice that caused serious damage to the environment. Jadine reported this practice to the authorities out of a belief that protecting the environment is always more important than monetary profit.
Leigh’s employers engaged in an illegal but profitable practice that caused serious damage to the environment. Leigh reported this practice to the authorities only because several colleagues had been pressuring her to do so.

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 8 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Proponents of the electric car maintain that when the technical problems associated with its battery design are solved, such cars will be widely used and, because they are emission-free, will result in an abatement of the environmental degradation caused by auto emissions. But unless we dam more rivers, the electricity to charge these batteries will come from nuclear or coal-fired power plants. Each of these three power sources produces considerable environmental damage. Thus, the electric car . .
Which one of the following most logically completes the argument?

will have worse environmental consequences than its proponents may believe
will probably remain less popular than other types of cars
requires that purely technical problems be solved before it can succeed
will increase the total level of emissions rather than reduce it
will not produce a net reduction in environmental degradation

Answer(s): A

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QUESTION: 5 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

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QUESTION: 8 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning