In which of the following positions should a patient with an altered level of consciousness be transported?
Answer(s): B
A patient with an altered level of consciousness should be placed in the recovery position to maintain airway patency and reduce the risk of aspiration.
A patient is having an asthmatic attack. The EMT receives orders from medical control to assist with the patient’s inhaler. What are the expected side effects of this medication? (Choose three.)
Answer(s): A,D,F
Inhaled beta-agonists commonly cause sympathetic stimulation, leading to tachycardia and nervousness, and can also irritate the airway, causing coughing.
Which of the following is the most reliable indicator of effective respiration in a patient?
Mental status reflects the brain’s oxygenation and perfusion, making it the most reliable indicator of whether respiration is effectively supporting the body.
A 3-year-old female choked while eating a hot dog and then became unresponsive. You should first:
Answer(s): D
When a choking child becomes unresponsive, the priority is to begin chest compressions immediately, as this can help dislodge the airway obstruction and initiate circulation.
Following insertion of an oropharyngeal airway in an unresponsive 1-year-old male, he develops cyanosis and bradycardia. You should:
Answer(s): A
The development of cyanosis and bradycardia after OPA insertion indicates airway obstruction or improper placement, so the airway should be removed immediately and effective ventilation provided.
What sound might indicate an upper airway obstruction in a patient?
Crowing (stridor) is a high-pitched sound produced by airflow through a narrowed upper airway, indicating obstruction at the level of the larynx or trachea.
A patient with emphysema is displaying pursed lip breathing. Which of the following pathological responses is responsible for this type of breathing?
Emphysema causes destruction of alveolar walls and loss of elastic recoil, leading to airway collapse during exhalation; pursed lip breathing helps maintain airway pressure and improve exhalation.
A 3-year-old patient has a sore throat and fever. They are drooling. Which of the following actions should the EMT take?
Drooling and sore throat with fever suggest possible epiglottitis, so the airway should not be disturbed. The child should be kept calm and transported in a position of comfort to avoid worsening airway obstruction.
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