A 45-year-old patient has chest pain, shortness of breath, and skin that is cool and diaphoretic. The patient states they have a feeling of impending doom. Which of the following conditions should the EMT most strongly suspect?
Answer(s): C
Chest pain with shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and a sense of impending doom are classic signs of myocardial infarction due to acute coronary artery occlusion.
A 33-year-old patient with an irregular heart rhythm has chest pain and shortness of breath. The vital signs are BP 124/92, P 170, R 24, and SpO2 89% on room air. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for this patient?
Answer(s): A
The patient is hypoxic with a low oxygen saturation and signs of respiratory distress, so supplemental oxygen is the most appropriate immediate intervention to improve oxygenation.
A 52-year-old patient is in cardiac arrest. During CPR, the patient begins to groan. There is a strong carotid pulse at a rate of 67. Which of the following actions should the EMT perform next?
The presence of a strong pulse and signs of responsiveness indicate return of spontaneous circulation, so the priority is to assess and support the patient’s breathing.
The AED announces, “Shock advised.” You should suspect:
Answer(s): D
A “shock advised” message indicates a shockable rhythm such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, which respond to defibrillation.
What are the dangers of delivering excessive ventilations to a patient who achieves ROSC following cardiac arrest? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): A,C
Excessive ventilations increase intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and lowers cardiac output, and also reduces cerebral perfusion by decreasing blood flow to the brain.
A patient is experiencing acute coronary syndrome but is not hypoxemic. Which of the following results could come from oxygen administration? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): C,E
In patients who are not hypoxemic, supplemental oxygen can cause coronary vasoconstriction and may increase oxidative stress, potentially leading to increased tissue damage.
What are the proper procedures for performing CPR on a 9-month-old patient? (Choose three.)
Answer(s): A,D,E
In infants, the brachial artery is used to assess pulse, compressions are performed just below the nipple line on the sternum, and the two-thumb-encircling-hands technique is recommended for two-rescuer CPR to provide effective compressions.
A 67-year-old patient has a sudden onset of weakness and dizziness after feeling a tearing pain in their chest. The patient has a history of diabetes, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Lung sounds are clear. The skin is pale and cool to the touch. The vital signs are BP 88/52, P 128, and R 24. Which of the following types of shock should the EMT most strongly suspect?
Answer(s): B
A tearing chest pain suggests possible aortic dissection with internal bleeding, leading to decreased circulating volume and signs of shock such as hypotension, tachycardia, and cool, pale skin, consistent with hypovolemic shock.
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