During transport, an 86-year-old patient becomes unresponsive. The airway is open, and the patient has adequate spontaneous breathing. How should an EMT position this patient?
Answer(s): C
An unresponsive patient who is breathing adequately should be placed in the recovery position to help keep the airway open and reduce the risk of aspiration.
Which of the following are signs of a complete airway obstruction? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): C,D
A complete airway obstruction prevents any airflow, so the patient cannot speak or cough because air cannot move through the airway at all.
А 6-year-old patient has difficulty breathing. Lung sounds reveal wheezing. The patient’s skin is cool and clammy. The respiratory rate is 32/min, and SpO2 88% on room air. Which of the following actions should the EMT administer to this patient first, and why?
Answer(s): D
Wheezing indicates bronchoconstriction, and the patient is still breathing spontaneously despite distress. Administering a bronchodilator addresses the underlying cause by opening the airways and improving ventilation.
An EMT assists a 29-year-old patient with a metered dose inhaler. After the patient inhales the medication, what should the EMT instruct the patient to do?
Holding the breath for several seconds after inhalation allows the medication to deposit deeper into the lungs and improves its effectiveness.
А 51-year-old female was just removed from a house fire. Emergency medical responders have administered oxygen via nasal cannula. They report her vital signs are P 140, R 8 and shallow. She is confused and her skin is cyanotic and cool. You should:
The patient has inadequate respirations with a low respiratory rate and shallow breathing, indicating respiratory failure. Assisted ventilations with a bag-valve mask are required to provide adequate oxygenation and ventilation.
А 69-year-old patent has worsening respiratory symptoms secondary to congestive heart failure. Which of the following actions are proper techniques for auscultating the patient’s lung sounds? (Choose three.)
Answer(s): A,C,D
A full respiratory cycle must be assessed to accurately evaluate breath sounds. The stethoscope should be placed directly on bare skin to avoid interference. Posterior lung sounds are best assessed by auscultating around the scapular areas.
A patient is unresponsive and apneic after a suspected neck injury. Which of the following actions should be the EMTs primary concern while providing positive pressure ventilation?
Answer(s): A
Effective positive pressure ventilation requires an open airway to allow air to reach the lungs, making airway patency the primary concern even when a spinal injury is suspected.
How would oxygen be administered to a patient who is experiencing chest pains, if a pulse oximeter is available?
Oxygen must be administered as deemed necessary, in order to maintain a pulse oximeter of at least 94%. High flow oxygen is not recommended anymore for patients who have no signs of hypoxia and who have a pulse oximeter reading of at least 94%.
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