A 10-year-old patient is unresponsive in a park. What locations should the EMT use to assess for the presence of a pulse? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): B,C
In children, central pulses such as the carotid and femoral arteries are the most reliable for assessing circulation in an unresponsive patient.
A 74-year-old patient has epigastric pain without relief from three doses of prescribed nitroglycerin. The patient is anxious, nauseated, and diaphoretic. The vital signs are BP 180/90 mmHg, P 62/min, R 20/min and shallow, and SpO2 92% on room air. What actions should the EMT prioritize for this patient? (Choose two.)
Answer(s): A,C
The patient presentation is consistent with acute coronary syndrome. Aspirin should be administered to reduce clot formation, and placing the patient in a position of comfort helps decrease cardiac workload and improve overall stability.
Which of the following types of shock is pericardial tamponade associated with?
Answer(s): C
Pericardial tamponade causes pressure around the heart that restricts cardiac filling, which is a mechanical obstruction to circulation and therefore classified as obstructive shock.
A 65-year-old patient with a history of angina reports chest pain and shortness of breath after playing golf. The patient stated the pain began one hour ago and has not stopped with rest. The vital signs are BP 86/64, P 112, R 22, and SpO2 89% on room air. Which of the following actions should the EMT do next?
Answer(s): A
The patient is hypotensive and hypoxic with ongoing chest pain and respiratory distress, indicating possible acute heart failure or pulmonary edema. CPAP improves oxygenation and reduces cardiac workload, making it the priority intervention.
Which of the following actions are appropriate management for two-rescuer pediatric basic life support? (Choose three.)
Answer(s): B,D,E
Two-rescuer pediatric BLS includes providing rescue breathing at an appropriate rate, using the two-thumb-encircling-hands technique for infants to ensure effective compressions, and performing compressions with a 15:2 ratio to optimize perfusion and ventilation.
A 40-year-old patient is unresponsive following an electrical injury. What is the most likely cause of the patient's mental status?
Electrical injuries commonly disrupt the heart’s electrical conduction system, leading to dysrhythmias that can cause decreased perfusion and unresponsiveness.
A 9-month-old patient is unresponsive in a crib. The patient is not breathing. Which of the following actions should the EMT perform first?
Answer(s): D
In an unresponsive infant who is not breathing, the first step is to assess for a pulse to determine if cardiac arrest is present and guide appropriate resuscitation.
A 55-year-old patient has ROSC and is trying to push the BVM away. Which of the following actions should the EMT take next?
After ROSC, if the patient is conscious enough to resist the BVM, they are likely breathing adequately. Transition to supplemental oxygen and discontinue AED use while continuing monitoring.
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