A 27-year-old female patient presents with extreme lower abdominal pain and fever. She is guarding her abdomen, which appears to be bloated. Which of the following conditions is the patient most likely experiencing?
Answer(s): A
A patient with a tubo-ovarian abscess may present with severe abdominal pain, guarding of the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, fever, and abdominal distention. Although abdominal pain is typical of all of them, ruptured ovarian cysts, ovarian torsion, and ectopic pregnancies have different signs and symptoms.
A 58-year-old female patient presents with a waxy and swollen appearance, fatigue, cold intolerance, hypothermia, hypotension, and bradycardia. Which of the following diseases might the patient have?
Answer(s): B
Hypothyroidism is caused by too little thyroid hormone, which regulates metabolism, causing a hypoactive metabolism and leading to a waxy and swollen appearance, cold intolerance, hypothermia, hypotension, and bradycardia. Hyperthyroidism is caused by an excess of thyroid hormone and causes a hyperactive metabolism, resulting in weight loss and loss of appetite. Diabetes is caused by an issue with insulin production or utilization and blood glucose imbalance, and the signs and symptoms are frequent urination, increased thirst, and excessive hunger. Addison’s disease is caused by too little cortisol and aldosterone production, leading to hyperkalemia, darkening of the skin, and hypoglycemia.
Which of the following STDs, if left untreated, is the most common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Answer(s): D
While bacterial vaginosis and gonorrhea may lead to PID, chlamydia causes the most cases of PID. Genital herpes doesn’t involve the cervix or uterus, where PID occurs.
A situation in which a patient may harm themselves or others – including attempted suicide, depression, and substance abuse – is called which of the following?
A patient who may harm themselves or others – including attempted suicide, depression, and substance abuse – is a situation classified as a psychiatric emergency. Toxicology deals with poisons, toxins, and substance abuse, so a toxicological emergency involving drugs and alcohol may also be categorized as a psychiatric emergency, but not always. Hematology involves blood-related emergencies, and immunology involves allergic reactions.
Which of the following infectious diseases is transmitted through airborne particles and presents with a persistent cough, night sweats, and hemoptysis?
Tuberculosis is an infection of the lungs that causes a persistent cough, night sweats, and hemoptysis, or coughing blood. It’s transmitted via coughing. Meningitis is transmitted through saliva and contaminated hands and presents with none of the stated symptoms. Coughing blood isn’t a common sign and symptom of pneumonia, and influenza presents with fever, muscle aches, chills, and respiratory problems.
A 60-year-old male patient presents with hypertension, tachycardia, and pain and distention in his abdomen. He seems confused and disoriented. Upon obtaining his SAMPLE and OPQRST histories, the man reports that he hasn’t urinated in two days, despite drinking lots of water, and doesn’t have a history of kidney function loss. Which of the following diseases is the patient most likely experiencing?
The most telling aspect of this man’s condition is that he hasn’t urinated in two days, indicative of some sort of renal condition, and that he doesn’t have a previous history of kidney function loss. Hypertension, tachycardia, and distention of the abdomen imply that urine cannot be formed, increasing blood pressure and causing edema. Acute renal failure is characterized by a sudden decrease in filtration through the glomeruli of the nephron, which causes all of these symptoms, as well as anuria (the complete cessation of urine production) to occur over a period of days or weeks. Chronic renal failure is incorrect because the patient doesn’t have a history of renal disease and none of the respective signs and symptoms. Kidney stones are crystallized salts that form in the kidney and become trapped in the urinary tract, but they don’t stop urine production. A urinary tract infection doesn’t cease urine production.
An EMT receives a call to respond to a pregnant woman complaining of contractions. Upon arriving at the scene, the EMT discovers the baby is crowning. Which of the following must the EMT NOT do during delivery?
Because an EMT needs to be completely present and ready for the delivery, an EMT shouldn’t monitor the mother (unless there are plenty of EMTs on site); someone else should be stationed at the head of the mother to report any concerning changes. All other answer choices are procedures an EMT must perform in order to ensure a successful delivery.
A young African-American male presents with jaundice, signs of pneumonia, and priapism. Which of the following conditions might this patient have?
Answer(s): C
Sickle cell disease is most common in African-Americans, and due to the abnormal shape and size of the blood cells, the liver cannot properly filter them, causing jaundice and yellowing of the eyes. The presence of priapism, resulting from the blood’s inability to exit the erection chambers, become trapped and cause a prolonged erection. Hemophilia is the body’s inability to stop bleeding, and thrombophilia is the body’s inability to stop clotting. A urinary tract infection presents with different signs and symptoms than those described, such as painful urination and a frequent urge to urinate.
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