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USMLE STEP2 Exam
Step2 (Page 26 )

Updated On: 30-Jan-2026
Page 26 of 149
PDF with 738 Questions

For each of the diseases listed, select the arthropod vector responsible for its transmission.

Yellow fever

  1. aegypti
  2. Anopheles species
  3. Pediculus humanus corporis
  4. Dermacentor andersoni
  5. Sarcoptes scabiei

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Epidemic typhus (classical typhus fever, or louse-borne typhus) has disappeared from most areas of the world but might reappear in conditions of famine, war, or other disasters. There are small areas where it is endemic. The responsible organism, a rickettsia, is conveyed from case to case by the human body louse,
F. humanus corporis. Malaria, in its various forms (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae), is spread from human to human by females of the various Anopheles group of mosquitoes. Dengue fever has a worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical areas. In addition to producing the classical fever with severe myalgia (breakbone fever), it can also cause a hemorrhagic fever. The causative agent, a group B arbovirus with four distinct serogroups, is virus- conveyed from case to case by the A aegypti mosquito. Colorado tick fever occurs mainly in mountainous areas of the United States within the range of its vector, D. andersoni. The highest incidence is in May and June. Several hundred cases are recorded annually, but it is likely that the actual incidence is much higher.
Avoidance of tick bites is the principal control measure. Yellow fever, the prototypical viral hemorrhagic fever, is African in origin but has spread to and remains endemic in equatorial regions of Central and South America. The vector, A. aegypti, has also spread worldwide, but surprisingly, cases have not been reported in India and Southeast Asia. The illness varies in severity from a mild, nonspecific fever to a more severe condition with hemorrhagic, hepatic, and renal manifestations.



Which regulatory agency has the authority to control the use of pesticides in the United States?

  1. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
  2. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  4. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
  5. World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

In the United States, the organization of food and water control is complex. Among the federal control agencies, the EPA is the most recent, and in many ways the most active and powerful. This agency has now set up an elaborate system of regulation and control of the use of pesticides (which until 1970 was the responsibility of the USDA) and has banned the marketing of chlorphenothane (DDT) for use in the home.
The FDA has authority to remove food from the market if it contains pesticides (e.g., PCBs in fish) in excess of the action levels set by the EPA. The FDA also retains the authority to remove from the market any food with inappropriate additives, that contains substances harmful to human health, that is stored in unsanitary conditions, that has decomposed, or that is not fit for consumption.
The USDAenforces wholesomeness standards that it sets for the production and sale of meat. International control is assisted by the WHO. This agency has mounted control programs for the eradication of communicable disease with conspicuous success in the case of smallpox. It also publishes the International Statistical Classification of Disease (ICD-9).



A shipment of produce is identified as having a higher than allowable level of pesticide. Which of the following regulatory agencies retains the authority to remove the produce from the market?

  1. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
  2. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  4. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
  5. World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

In the United States, the organization of food and water control is complex. Among the federal control agencies, the EPA is the most recent, and in many ways the most active and powerful. This agency has now set up an elaborate system of regulation and control of the use of pesticides (which until 1970 was the responsibility of the USDA) and has banned the marketing of chlorphenothane (DDT) for use in the home.
The FDA has authority to remove food from the market if it contains pesticides (e.g., PCBs in fish) in excess of the action levels set by the EPA. The FDA also retains the authority to remove from the market any food with inappropriate additives, that contains substances harmful to human health, that is stored in unsanitary conditions, that has decomposed, or that is not fit for consumption.
The USDAenforces wholesomeness standards that it sets for the production and sale of meat. International control is assisted by the WHO. This agency has mounted control programs for the eradication of communicable disease with conspicuous success in the case of smallpox. It also publishes the International Statistical Classification of Disease (ICD-9).



Catfish caught in a freshwater stream in Florida has been identified as exceeding the action level for polychlorinated biphenyls in fish (PCBs). Which regulatory agency is responsible for defining these action levels?

  1. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
  2. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  4. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
  5. World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

In the United States, the organization of food and water control is complex. Among the federal control agencies, the EPA is the most recent, and in many ways the most active and powerful. This agency has now set up an elaborate system of regulation and control of the use of pesticides (which until 1970 was the responsibility of the USDA) and has banned the marketing of chlorphenothane (DDT) for use in the home.
The FDA has authority to remove food from the market if it contains pesticides (e.g., PCBs in fish) in excess of the action levels set by the EPA. The FDA also retains the authority to remove from the market any food with inappropriate additives, that contains substances harmful to human health, that is stored in unsanitary conditions, that has decomposed, or that is not fit for consumption.
The USDAenforces wholesomeness standards that it sets for the production and sale of meat. International control is assisted by the WHO. This agency has mounted control programs for the eradication of communicable disease with conspicuous success in the case of smallpox. It also publishes the International Statistical Classification of Disease (ICD-9).



Which regulatory agency enforces standards in the sale of meat?

  1. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
  2. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  4. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
  5. World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

In the United States, the organization of food and water control is complex. Among the federal control agencies, the EPA is the most recent, and in many ways the most active and powerful. This agency has now set up an elaborate system of regulation and control of the use of pesticides (which until 1970 was the responsibility of the USDA) and has banned the marketing of chlorphenothane (DDT) for use in the home.
The FDA has authority to remove food from the market if it contains pesticides (e.g., PCBs in fish) in excess of the action levels set by the EPA. The FDA also retains the authority to remove from the market any food with inappropriate additives, that contains substances harmful to human health, that is stored in unsanitary conditions, that has decomposed, or that is not fit for consumption.
The USDAenforces wholesomeness standards that it sets for the production and sale of meat. International control is assisted by the WHO. This agency has mounted control programs for the eradication of communicable disease with conspicuous success in the case of smallpox. It also publishes the International Statistical Classification of Disease (ICD-9).



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