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USMLE STEP2 Exam
Step2 (Page 28 )

Updated On: 26-Jan-2026
Page 28 of 149
PDF with 738 Questions

Several groups of organic compounds are associated with serious toxic effects when used in transformers because they withstand high temperatures

  1. nitrosamines
  2. epoxy compounds
  3. PCBs
  4. formaldehydes
  5. organophosphorus compounds

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

PCBs were extensively used in the manufacture of electrical transformers until production was halted in the mid-1970s. The first sign of chronic exposure to these substances is the appearance of an acne- like eruption with inflammatory pustules. Other effects are eye irritation and GI disturbance. The substances are persistent, and more than 25% of the population in the United States was discovered to have residues of greater than one part per million (ppm) in adipose tissue. Dietary exposure of the general population has been alleged to occur through milk, eggs, cheese, meat, and fish



Several groups of organic compounds are associated with serious toxic effects when used as insecticides and responsible for more deaths on a worldwide basis than any other group of insecticides

  1. nitrosamines
  2. epoxy compounds
  3. PCBs
  4. formaldehydes
  5. organophosphorus compounds

Answer(s): E

Explanation:

Organophosphorus compounds have been widely used since the 1950s as insecticides, both in national pest control programs and domestically. They have been responsible for many deaths on a worldwide basis, despite the lives initially saved by control of mosquitoes and malaria. From the point of view of the environmental toxicologist, it was perhaps fortuitous that many pests began to develop resistance to the substances fairly early in the use of these compounds. More recently, concern for environmental control has further limited their use; studies have attributed carcinogenic properties to several of these pesticides.



Several groups of organic compounds are associated with serious toxic effects when highly toxic and dangerous as a solvent; used in the manufacture of rubber, dyes, and lubricating oils

  1. nitrosamines
  2. epoxy compounds
  3. PCBs
  4. formaldehydes
  5. organophosphorus compounds

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Nitrosamines are highly toxic and dangerous to handle when used as solvents. Toxic amounts may be absorbed without warning because danger signals such as specific odor or irritant effects are lacking. The manufacture of rubber, dyes, lubricating oils, explosives, insecticides, and fungicides, as well as the electrical industry, all have associations with these substances. Nitrosamines have animal carcinogenic properties and have been transmitted transplacentally in rats.



Several groups of organic compounds are associated with serious toxic effects when used in the production of resins, plasticizers, and solvents

  1. nitrosamines
  2. epoxy compounds
  3. PCBs
  4. formaldehydes
  5. organophosphorus compounds

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Epoxy compounds are used in the production of resins. They cause irritation of the skin and mucosa and have caused acute pulmonary edema



Several groups of organic compounds are associated with serious toxic effects when used in the manufacture of textiles and materials; often found in manufactured homes

  1. nitrosamines
  2. epoxy compounds
  3. PCBs
  4. formaldehydes
  5. organophosphorus compounds

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Formaldehyde commercial solutions contain up to 15% methanol. Formaldehyde has numerous industrial applications including, use as a base for urea formaldehyde resins. The gas is an irritant to the eyes and upper respiratory mucosa. The odors of products manufactured with formaldehyde products have been responsible for actions against manufacturers of tightly built manufactured homes.



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