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ARDMS AB-Abdomen Exam
Abdomen Sonographyination (Page 7 )

Updated On: 7-Feb-2026
Page 6 of 34
PDF with 165 Questions

Which vessel is located directly proximal to the origination of the renal arteries?

  1. Left portal vein
  2. Splenic vein
  3. Hepatic artery
  4. Superior mesenteric artery

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The renal arteries originate from the abdominal aorta just inferior to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The SMA arises anteriorly from the abdominal aorta at the level of L1, and just below it, the renal arteries branch laterally. The splenic vein, portal vein, and hepatic artery are located more superiorly in relation to the renal arteries.

According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy:

"The superior mesenteric artery arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta just above the renal arteries." (Moore KL et al., Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th ed.)


Reference:

Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 8th ed. Wolters Kluwer, 2018.

Gray's Anatomy for Students, 4th ed., Elsevier, 2019.



Which organ is held in place by the lienorenal, gastrosplenic, and phrenocolic ligaments?

  1. Stomach
  2. Spleen
  3. Pancreas
  4. Left kidney

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

The spleen is suspended in the left upper quadrant by several peritoneal ligaments, including:

Lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament -- attaches spleen to the left kidney.

Gastrosplenic ligament -- attaches spleen to the stomach.

Phrenocolic ligament -- supports the spleen inferiorly between diaphragm and colon.

These ligaments stabilize the spleen's position while allowing some mobility.

According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy:

"The spleen is connected to the stomach by the gastrosplenic ligament and to the posterior abdominal wall (near the left kidney) by the splenorenal (lienorenal) ligament. The phrenocolic ligament provides inferior support."


Reference:

Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 8th ed. Wolters Kluwer, 2018.

Gray's Anatomy for Students, 4th ed., Elsevier, 2019.



Which structure is located between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm?

  1. Caudate lobe of the liver
  2. Left lobe of the liver
  3. Right kidney
  4. Spleen

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

The spleen lies in the left hypochondrium, superior and lateral to the fundus of the stomach, and directly contacts the diaphragm. It occupies the space between the stomach and diaphragm. The liver and kidneys are located more medially or inferiorly.

According to Gray's Anatomy for Students:

"The spleen lies posterolateral to the fundus of the stomach, separated from the diaphragm by its fibrous capsule."


Reference:

Gray's Anatomy for Students, 4th ed., Elsevier, 2019.

Moore KL, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th ed.



Which disease process may cause numerous shadowing calcifications to form within the spleen?

  1. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  2. Sickle cell anemia
  3. Histoplasmosis
  4. Thalassemia

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection that can lead to granulomatous disease. Chronic granulomatous infections may result in multiple splenic calcifications that appear as small echogenic foci with shadowing on ultrasound. Other infectious granulomas (e.g., tuberculosis) may present similarly.

According to Rumack's Diagnostic Ultrasound:

"Granulomatous infections such as histoplasmosis and tuberculosis may produce multiple splenic calcifications, often with shadowing."


Reference:

Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.

AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of Abdominal Ultrasound Examinations, 2020.



Hepatitis is classified into groups.
Which of these four types are transmitted by fecal-oral route?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C, and D are transmitted through blood and body fluids.

According to CDC and WHO guidelines:

"Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route via ingestion of contaminated food or water."


Reference:

CDC. Viral Hepatitis Surveillance -- United States, 2020.

WHO. Hepatitis A Fact Sheet, 2022.






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