Refer to the exhibit. AS 65517 is running OSPF within the core. BGP is running between all four autonomous systems, interconnecting several ISPs that provide intranet and extranet services. All of the PE routers are connected, and eBGP peering relationships have been established. A network engineer also configured an IBGP peering between PE1 and P1, and the peering is up. However, P1 cannot reach routes outside of AS 65517. Which action must the engineer take so that P1 reaches external routes?
Answer(s): B
In this scenario, P1 cannot reach external routes because it is not receiving all the required BGP routes. To resolve this, configuring P1 as a route-reflector-client to PE1 will allow PE1 to reflect external routes learned from other PEs (e.g., PE2, PE3, PE4) to P1. This avoids the need for a full mesh of iBGP sessions within AS 65517, simplifying the configuration while ensuring P1 has visibility to external routes.Route reflectors are a common solution to reduce the iBGP full-mesh requirement and ensure proper route dissemination within an AS.
Refer to the exhibit. The NOC is configuring PE router R4 in the network for BGP-originated traffic. R4 is connected to a CE device at a customer location. The customer provided these requirements:BGP peers must establish a neighborship with NSR and NSF capability.BGP must maintain the state with the CE device and provide continuous packet forwarding during ISSU andRP switchover events.Which action meets the NSR requirement on PE routers?
Answer(s): A
To meet the Non-Stop Routing (NSR) requirement and ensure continuous packet forwarding during events like ISSU (In-Service Software Upgrade) or RP (Route Processor) switchover, enabling BGP high-availability mode with Stateful Switchover (SSO) is required. Setting ha-mode sso ensures that the BGP session is seamlessly maintained between R4 and the CE device without interruptions during control plane failovers, while the data plane continues forwarding traffic.
What is one of the main functions of 6RD?
6RD (IPv6 Rapid Deployment) is a mechanism that allows service providers to deliver IPv6 connectivity to customers by tunneling IPv6 traffic over their existing IPv4 infrastructure. This approach uses encapsulation to carry IPv6 packets within IPv4 packets, enabling a smooth transition to IPv6 without requiring native IPv6 support throughout the entire network infrastructure.
What should a network engineer consider before implementing segment routing?
Answer(s): D
Segment Routing (SR) is a source-based routing technique where the source node defines the entire path that a packet should take through the network. This is achieved by encoding the path as a list of segments in the packet header, eliminating the need for per-flow state in intermediate nodes. It provides scalability, flexibility, and simplified traffic engineering compared to traditional MPLS. Before implementing SR, network engineers must ensure the network supports the necessary protocols and configurations for SR.
Refer to the exhibit. A growing company wants to ensure high availability and redundancy for its critical web servers, which are located in an offsite data center. The network architect decided to implement BGP so that the network can use redundant paths for outbound traffic toward the destination subnet 10.2.2.0/24. A network engineer already configured basic BGP settings on edge router R1, which is a Cisco ASR-1001X router. The engineer also confirmed loopback reachability to routers R2 and R3, and the AS path length toward the destination is the same via R2 and R3. Which action must the engineer take on R1 to complete the implementation?
The maximum-paths command in BGP allows a router to use multiple paths for load sharing when the AS path length and other BGP best-path criteria are the same. By configuring maximum-paths 2 under the BGP global configuration, R1 can forward traffic across both paths (via R2 and R3) to ensure high availability and redundancy toward the destination subnet 10.2.2.0/24.
Refer to the exhibit. An engineer working for a private service provider with an employee ID: 1234:56:789 is configuring BGP in AS 400, AS 500, and AS 600 to set up BGP peering. The engineer reported that 172.16.10.0/24 is not installed in the R2 RIB. RI and R5 receive the prefix 172.16.10.0/24 in the BGP routing table. Which configuration must be implemented to stop receiving prefix 172.16.10.0/24 in the BGP table?
To stop receiving the prefix 172.16.10.0/24 in the BGP routing table on R1 and R5, a route-map should be applied with the appropriate filtering logic. By configuring the route-map blockprefix as an inbound filter on R1 and R5, the prefix will be blocked as it is advertised to these routers.This ensures that R1 and R5 do not install the unwanted prefix in their BGP tables, effectively preventing its propagation across the network. Inbound filtering is a standard approach to control what routes are accepted by a BGP peer.
What is the primary purpose of NAT64?
Answer(s): C
NAT64 (Network Address Translation IPv6-to-IPv4) is a technology that enables IPv6-addressed devices to communicate with IPv4-addressed devices by translating IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets and vice versa. This is particularly useful during the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, as it allows interoperability between the two protocols without requiring full dual-stack implementation on both ends.
Refer to the exhibit. The four PE routers in the network are connected and running OSPF to share routes. MPLS is enabled on the four routers. The routers are connected and configured to use /30 networks. A network engineer must implement Layer 3 VPN support for traffic between customer sites. Which task must the engineer perform?
To support Layer 3 VPNs in an MPLS environment, Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) is required to establishlabel-switched paths (LSPs) between the Provider Edge (PE) routers. These LSPs are used to forward labeled traffic through the network. Configuring LDP neighbor relationships ensures that:Label information is exchanged between adjacent routers.MPLS forwarding tables are populated to enable end-to-end transport of VPN traffic.Tasks like deploying IGP (already done here via OSPF) or creating MPLS TE tunnels are unnecessary for basic MPLS Layer 3 VPN functionality. Updating the subnet to /24 is not relevant for MPLS VPNs, as /30 subnets are sufficient for point-to-point links.
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