QUESTION: 285

Instead of blaming an airline accident on pilot error, investigators should find out why the error was made by analyzing airplane design, airline management, and pilot-training programs. For only then can changes be made to ensure that the same type of error does not recur and cause another accident.

Which of the following is a presupposition of the argument above?

Pilot error is not a contributing factor in most airline accidents.
Airline companies themselves should be the agents who investigate airline accidents.
Stricter government regulation of airline companies will make air travel significantly safer.
Investigators of airline accidents should contribute to the prevention of future accidents.
Most pilots who make errors in flying will repeat their errors unless they are retrained.

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 286

Professor A: We must make a strong moral statement against Country X’s policies. Only total divestment — the sale of all stock in companies that have factories or business offices in X — can do this. Therefore, the university should divest totally.
Professor B: Our aim should be to encourage X to change its policies. Partial divestment is the best way to achieve this aim. Therefore, the university should sell its stock only in companies that either sell goods to X’s government, or do the majority of their business in X, or treat their workers in X unfairly.
Professor A’s and Professor B’s arguments differ in which of the following ways?

They state the same goal but propose different ways of achieving it.
They state different goals but propose the same way of achieving them.
They state different goals and propose different ways of achieving them.
They disagree about whether the university should sell any stock at all.
They disagree about whether X’s policies are objectionable.

Answer(s): C

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QUESTION: 287

Professor A: We must make a strong moral statement against Country X’s policies. Only total divestment—the sale of all stock in companies that have factories or business offices in X—can do this. Therefore, the university should divest totally.
Professor B: Our aim should be to encourage X to change its policies. Partial divestment is the best way to achieve this aim. Therefore, the university should sell its stock only in companies that either sell goods to X’s government, or do the majority of their business in X, or treat their workers in X unfairly.

Which of the following, if true, would be evidence that the university would not be harmed economically if it followed Professor A’s recommendation.

Very few of the companies in which the university owns stocks sell goods to X’s government.
Most companies that have factories or business offices in X and in which the university owns stock actually do little of their business in X.
Some companies that have factories or business offices in X and in which the university owns stock have instituted fair treatment policies for their workers in X at very little additional cost to the companies.
The expected financial return to the university from stocks that the university could own under a policy of total divestment is approximately the same as the expected financial return from the same as the expected financial.
If the university sold large blocks of stock under a policy of total divestment, the prices of the stocks of the companies whose stocks were sold would probably decrease somewhat.

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 288

In an effort to go beyond resumes as tools in its search for executives, one leading company has resorted to interviewing the top candidates for a position all together in a single group. This technique is supposed to afford a direct comparison of the candidates with respect to some personal qualities that cannot be gleaned from a resume.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the value of the simultaneous interview technique?

Resumes do sometimes allow reliable inferences to be made about a candidate’s personal qualities.
The simultaneous interview could become cumbersome if there were a great many candidates for a position.
The more perceptive the interviewer, the more revealing the simultaneous interview is apt to be.
There are certain personal qualities that only an extended simultaneous interview can bring out.
The simultaneous interview distorts each candidate’s response style by inducing stresses unlike any an executive position induces.

Answer(s): E

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QUESTION: 285

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QUESTION: 288