QUESTION: 301

Record companies defend their substitution of laser-read compact discs (CD’s) for the much less expensive traditional long-playing vinyl records in their catalogs by claiming that the audio market is ruled by consumer demand for ever-improved sound reproduction rather than by record manufacturers’ profit-motivated marketing decisions. But this claim cannot be true, because if it were true, then digital audiotape, which produces even better sound than CD’s, would be commercially available from these same record companies, but it is not.
Which of the following, if true, best explains how the record companies’ claim about the nature of the audio reproduction market could be true and digital audiotape nevertheless be unavailable for the commercial market?

Most consumers prefer audiotape to long-playing records or CD’s because of the tape’s durability and compactness.
Prototypes of digital audiotape have been used to make master tapes of some performances in recording studios.
The manufacturing technology that underlies the commercial production of CD’s requires equipment very similar to that needed for commercial production of digital audiotape.
Record companies have not yet solved several quality-control problems that have beset attempts to produce digital audiotape in commercial quantities.
CD’s are more expensive than long-playing vinyl records by about the same ratio as digital audiotape cassettes would be more expensive than conventional cassettes.

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 302

Record companies defend their substitution of laser-read compact discs (CD’s) for the much less expensive traditional long-playing vinyl records in their catalogs by claiming that the audio market is ruled by consumer demand for ever-improved sound reproduction rather than by record manufacturers’ profit-motivated marketing decisions. But this claim cannot be true, because if it were true, then digital audiotape, which produces even better sound than CD’s, would be commercially available from these same record companies, but it is not.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument against the record companies’ claim?

When CD’s were first introduced in the audio-reproduction market, prices were high and selection was poor.
Record companies are reluctant to attempt commercial production of digital audiotape until profits from the sales of CD’s have enabled them to recover their investments in compact-disc manufacturing technology.
Some CD’s have been so much in demand that consumers have experienced long delays in obtaining copies.
Because CD’s work according to principles very different from those that govern conventional recordings, commercial production of CD’s requires new kinds of manufacturing technology.
Any valid comparison of CD audio reproductions to digital audiotape reproductions must be based on identical performances played back on the highest quality disc or tape player.

Answer(s): B

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QUESTION: 303

The president of a consulting firm analyzed the decisions made about marketing by her clients and concluded that the decisions were correct only about half of the time.
The conclusion above depends on the presupposition that

companies can be successful even when about half of the decisions they make about marketing prove to be wrong
companies hiring her consulting firm make no more incorrect marketing decisions than do companies in general
executives consistently making correct marketing decisions rarely enlist the aid of a consulting firm
marketing decision are just as likely to be correct as they are to be incorrect
it is possible to classify a marketing decision properly as being either right or wrong

Answer(s): E

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QUESTION: 304

It is true that unionized women earn, on average, more than a third more than non-unionized women do. But the unionized women work in industries where wages happen to be high, their non-unionized counterparts in these industries earn about as much as they do. Therefore, unionization does not raise women’s wages.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

Besides wage increases, unions bargain for benefits such as medical insurance and workplace safety.
The most highly paid women are in executive positions, which are not unionized.
Wages in many industries vary from one part of the country to another, regardless of whether workers are unionized or not.
Non-unionized women in an industry often receive income increases as a result of increases won by unions representing women who work for other employers in the same industry.
The unionization of women who work for one employer in a given industry frequently prompts the unionization of women who work for other employers in the same industry.

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 301

QUESTION: 302

QUESTION: 303

QUESTION: 304