QUESTION: 389

Surveys show that every year only 10 percent of cigarette smokers switch brands. Yet the manufacturers have been spending an amount equal to 10 percent of their gross receipts on cigarette promotion in magazines. It follows from these figures that inducing cigarette smokers to switch brands did not pay, and that cigarette companies would have been no worse off economically if they had dropped their advertising.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion that cigarette companies could have dropped advertising without suffering economically?

Cigarette advertisements provide a major proportion of total advertising revenue for numerous magazines.
Cigarette promotion serves to attract first-time smokers to replace those people who have stopped smoking.
There exists no research conclusively demonstrating that increases in cigarette advertising are related to increases in smoking.
Advertising is so firmly established as a major business activity of cigarette manufacturers that they would be unlikely to drop it.
Brand loyalty is typically not very strong among those who smoke inexpensive cigarettes.

Answer(s): B

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QUESTION: 390

Toughened hiring standards have not been the primary cause of the present staffing shortage in public schools. The shortage of teachers is primarily caused by the fact that in recent years teachers have not experienced any improvements in working conditions and their salaries have not kept pace with salaries in other professions.
Which of the following, if true, would most support the claims above?

Many teachers already in the profession would not have been hired under the new hiring standards.
Today more teachers are entering the profession with a higher educational level than in the past.
Some teachers have cited higher standards for hiring as a reason for the current staffing shortage.
Many teachers have cited low pay and lack of professional freedom as reasons for their leaving the profession.
Many prospective teachers have cited the new hiring standards as a reason for not entering the profession.

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 391

A proposed ordinance requires the installation in new homes of sprinklers automatically triggered by the presence of a fire. However, a home builder argued that because more than ninety percent of residential fires are extinguished by a household member, residential sprinklers would only marginally decrease property damage caused by residential fires.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the home builder’s argument?

Most individuals have no formal training in how to extinguish fires.
Since new homes are only a tiny percentage of available housing in the city, the new ordinance would be extremely narrow in scope.
The installation of smoke detectors in new residences costs significantly less than the installation of sprinklers.
In the city where the ordinance was proposed, the average time required by the fire department to respond to a fire was less than the national average.
The largest proportion of property damage that results from residential fires is caused by fires that start when no household member is present.

Answer(s): E

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QUESTION: 392

Even though most universities retain the royalties from faculty members’ inventions, the faculty members retain the royalties from books and articles they write. Therefore, faculty members should retain the royalties from the educational computer software they develop.
The conclusion above would be more reasonably drawn if which of the following were inserted into the argument as an additional premise?

Royalties from inventions are higher than royalties from educational software programs.
Faculty members are more likely to produce educational software programs than inventions.
Inventions bring more prestige to universities than do books and articles.
In the experience of most universities, educational software programs are more marketable than are books and articles.
In terms of the criteria used to award royalties, educational software programs are more nearly comparable to books and articles than to inventions.

Answer(s): E

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QUESTION: 389

QUESTION: 390

QUESTION: 391

QUESTION: 392