QUESTION: 1 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Economist: Every business strives to increase its productivity, for this increases profits for the owners and the likelihood that the business will survive. But not all efforts to increase productivity are beneficial to the business as a whole. Often, attempts to increase productivity decrease the number of employees, which clearly harms the dismissed employees as well as the sense of security of the retained employees.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the economist’s argument?

If an action taken to secure the survival of a business fails to enhance the welfare of the business’s employees, that action cannot be good for the business as a whole.
Some measures taken by a business to increase productivity fail to be beneficial to the business as a whole.
Only if the employees of a business are also its owners will the interests of the employees and owners coincide, enabling measures that will be beneficial to the business as a whole.
There is no business that does not make efforts to increase its productivity.
Decreasing the number of employees in a business undermines the sense of security of retained employees.

Answer(s): B

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QUESTION: 2 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

All Labrador retrievers bark a great deal. All Saint Bernards bark infrequently. Each of Rosa’s dogs is a cross between a Labrador retriever and a Saint Bernard. Therefore, Rosa’s dogs are moderate barkers.
Which one of the following uses flawed reasoning that most closely resembles the flawed reasoning used in the argument above?

All students who study diligently make good grades. But some students who do not study diligently also make good grades. Jane studies somewhat diligently. Therefore, Jane makes somewhat good grades.
All type A chemicals are extremely toxic to human beings. All type B chemicals are nontoxic to human beings. This household cleaner is a mixture of a type A chemical and a type B chemical. Therefore, this household cleaner is moderately toxic.
All students at Hanson School live in Green County. All students at Edwards School live in Winn County. Members of the Perry family attend both Hanson and Edwards. Therefore, some members of the Perry family live in Green County and some live in Winn County.
All transcriptionists know shorthand. All engineers know calculus. Bob has worked both as a transcriptionist and as an engineer. Therefore, Bob knows both shorthand and calculus.
All of Kenisha’s dresses are very well made. All of Connie’s dresses are very badly made. Half of the dresses in this closet are very well made, and half of them are very badly made. Therefore, half of the dresses in this closet are Kenisha’s and half of them are Connie’s.

Answer(s): B

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QUESTION: 3 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

A century in certain ways is like a life, and as the end of a century approaches, people behave toward that century much as someone who is nearing the end of life does toward that life. So just as people in their last years spend much time looking back on the events of their life, people at a century’s end . .
Which one of the following most logically completes the argument?

reminisce about their own lives
fear that their own lives are about to end
focus on what the next century will bring
become very interested in the history of the century just ending
reflect on how certain unfortunate events of the century could have been avoided

Answer(s): D

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QUESTION: 4 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

Consumer: The latest Connorly Report suggests that Ocksenfrey prepackaged meals are virtually devoid of nutritional value. But the Connorly Report is commissioned by Danto Foods, Ocksenfrey’s largest corporate rival, and early drafts of the report are submitted for approval to Danto Foods’ public relations department. Because of the obvious bias of this report, it is clear that Ocksenfrey’s prepackaged meals really are nutritious.
The reasoning in the consumer’s argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument

treats evidence that there is an apparent bias as evidence that the Connorly Report’s claims are false
draws a conclusion based solely on an unrepresentative sample of Ocksenfrey’s products
fails to take into account the possibility that Ocksenfrey has just as much motivation to create negative publicity for Danto as Danto has to create negative publicity for Ocksenfrey
fails to provide evidence that Danto Foods’ prepackaged meals are not more nutritious than Ocksenfrey’s are
presumes, without providing justification, that Danto Foods’ public relations department would not approve a draft of a report that was hostile to Danto Foods’ products

Answer(s): A

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QUESTION: 1 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 2 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 3 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning

QUESTION: 4 Exam Topic: SECTION II, Logical Reasoning