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Which of the following is true about counseling within a cultural context?

  1. Behaviors cannot be measured as accurately.
  2. Personal identity becomes more clearly defined.
  3. The consequences of problems are more ambiguous.
  4. Counseling interviews hold less meaning.

Answer(s): B

Explanation:

Personal identity becomes more clearly defined within a cultural context. Furthermore, behaviors are measured more accurately, consequences of problems are more obvious and counseling interviews are more meaningful when held within a cultural context. When a counselor counsels within a cultural context, the clients will be able to relate to what the counselor is saying and will be able to view themselves and self-reflect.



In the United States, each socioeconomic group represents a different culture because they share:

  1. similar tastes in the arts
  2. educational levels
  3. interest in religion
  4. similar ideas, behaviors, and values

Answer(s): D

Explanation:

Typically, members of each socioeconomic group share similar ideas, behaviors, and values which fits the definition of culture.



Therapists adhering to which of the following theories would believe that aggression is learned through modeling?

  1. Social Learning
  2. Behavioral
  3. Psychodynamic
  4. Humanistic

Answer(s): A

Explanation:

Albert Bandura demonstrated this with his famous Bobo Doll Experiments. Children in the group who saw the adult treat the doll aggressively were much more aggressive in their own treatment of the doll. Behaviorists would believe aggression is learned through conditioning. Psychodynamic followers would explain aggression as an instinct - Thanatos. The humanistic explanation is that aggression is caused by unmet needs.



Which theorist spoke of social connectedness?

  1. Freud
  2. Jung
  3. Adler
  4. Skinner

Answer(s): C

Explanation:

Social connectedness is the measure of how an individual is connected to and takes interest in the well-being of others. Adler believed when people reached a level of social connectedness, they would feel successful and happy. The other theorists mentioned above adhered more toward an individualistic explanation of success and happiness.






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