Which of the following does not lead to seizure activity?
Answer(s): C
There are many complications secondary to diabetes and there certainly can be co-morbid chronic medical conditions. However, diabetes does not lead to seizure activity. A seizure can occur at the time of a head injury but usually it develops during the recovery phase. Seizures from opioid withdrawal can occur as a result of the patient quitting the drug, running out, or the use of an antagonist (Narcan).
You arrive to find the patient actively seizing. What is your primary concern with this patient?
Answer(s): D
When a patient is actively seizing, all muscles are contracting erratically without coordination so there are ineffective respirations. Plus, with every muscle contracting there is an increase in oxygen demand so the patient will be in oxygen debt. Also. there may be a partial or complete airway obstruction.
Your patient has a history of epilepsy, has had a seizure and has not recovered the way he normally does,according to his family. While assessing this unresponsive patient he suffers a second seizure what is this condition?
Answer(s): B
When a patient has a second or subsequent seizures without waking up, this is classified as status epilepticus. This condition is a serious problem. Secondary hypoxia causes more cerebral irritation and propagation of ectopic foci which causes more seizures.
This type of seizure activity is absent of large muscle contractions. The patient often just stares off into space.
Answer(s): A
Petit mal seizures are generally thought of as absence of seizure activity. They usually present with the young patient staring off in space with little to no muscle contractions. Petit mal seizures are generally short in nature and there is usually no postictal period, the patient just wakes up and realizes that something happened.
While interviewing a patient with a complaint of an allergic reaction, your partner asks, “What is new and different?” most patients with an allergy must be exposed to the allergen at some point, what is the process called?
Sensitization is the process where an antigen enters the body and there is an immune response where antibodies are produced to protect the organism from an invader. The antibodies help protect the patient from developing an overreaction towards the antigen which will then become an anaphylactic reaction. Anaphylactic reaction is such a massive response against a first-time exposure to an antigen that this reaction looks like a full on anaphylaxis, the differential is no prior sensitization.
Which of the following routes of entry is the most common cause of anaphylactic reaction?
Injection is the most common way an allergen will be exposed to a patient: medicine being injected by a syringe, insects stinging and animal bites.
Arriving on scene of any allergic reaction, what is the clinician’s first concern regarding the patient?
Airway edema and bronchial constriction should be the first concern for the EMT to attend. Without an airway the patient will die, without the ability to ventilate the patient then the patient will become hypoxic which may cause brain damage and death.
Anaphylactic shock is a form of distributive shock where the blood vessels _______________.
Due to the chemical release from the immune system, bronchioles constrict and blood vessels dilate dropping the blood pressure. Capillaries become permeable and leak a little causing hives to form on the skin. Distributive shock is difficult to recognize in the field, heart rate remains relatively low, skin is flushed due to the dilatation of the blood vessels.
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