After aggressive airway control, the next treatment choice would be epinephrine. Why would epinephrine be such a good choice?
Answer(s): D
Epinephrine has Alpha 1 & 2 beta 1 & 2 effects. Alpha 1 stimulation causes vasoconstriction which works to counter the distributive shock. Alpha 2 stimulation regulates the amount of vasoconstriction required to achieve desired results. Beta 1 stimulation increases the heart rate to increase cardiac output. Beta 2 stimulation dilates the bronchioles to counter act the reactive airway syndrome.
There are many causes of syncope. When does a syncopal episode usually happen?
Answer(s): B
Most syncopal episodes occur when the patient stands – postural hypotension. Blood has been pooling in the dependent appendages when the patient stands, cardiac output drops and the patient passes out.
Routes of entry for accidental poisoning are the same as for allergic reactions. What route is the most common route of entry for a poisoning?
Answer(s): C
Ingestion is the number one cause of accidental poisoning mostly secondary to children eating or drinking stuff they shouldn’t. Smaller children explore with their mouths, they don’t have enough dexterity or experience with much other than eating or placing things in their mouths, hence drinking or eating things which could be hazardous to them.
There are few antidotes for the number of poisons available, so what is the treatment goal for a poisoning if there is no antidote?
If a particular poison does not have an antidote the next best treatment is to limit the amount of the poison to be absorbed. Activated charcoal is often use to absorb ingested poisons. Brushing off powdered poisons or flushing with high volumes of water will block, slow or prevent absorption. Once the absorption has been assured or contraindicated then you are left to treating symptoms.
Kids’ poisonous ingestions usually occur _______________.
Answer(s): A
Most child poisonous ingestions occur accidentally, they explore with their mouths, once they find something new they usually place it in their mouths to taste.
Patients who inhale poisons to get high are often referred to as _______________.
Huffing usually occurs by placing a small amount of chemical, glue, paint or cleaner in a paper bag and then the huffer places the bag over their mouths and/or noses and then they inhale deeply. This causes an anoxic response in the brain which causes all of the blood vessels to dilate. This gives the huffer a period of euphoria and then a pounding headache.
Food poisoning may be difficult in the field to diagnose due to its broad range of symptoms and time it takes to make the patient ill. All of the following are types of foodborne illness except:
Encephalitis is an infection of the brain usually viral in nature. All of the others are indeed food borne illnesses.
A normal heart rate for a newborn is typically _______________ than that of a one-year-old.
A normal heart rate for a newborn is 90 to 180. By the time a baby reaches one year, the heart rate is normally 80 to 130.
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