Sublingual medicine is delivered _______________.
Answer(s): A
Sublingual medicine is administered under the tongue. It is often absorbed by the bloodstream faster than oral medication and is the preferred route in some cases.
Cardiac arrest in children is most commonly due to ______________.
Answer(s): C
Children usually do not have a cardiac arrest due to a heart problem. It is more common for respiratory arrest to lead to cardiac arrest. When the airway is compromised, hypoxia develops, which leads to bradycardia and, eventually, cardiac arrest.
You are called to a home and find a three-year-old child who is dirty and has an ALOC. You see old bruises on his legs and arms. You suspect possible child abuse. You should _____________.
Answer(s): B
EMTs and paramedics are mandated reporters in all states. If you suspect child abuse, you must report it. It’s not your job to determine if there is definitely abuse before reporting. This supersedes your mandate to just report the “facts” in all other cases. It is your legal responsibility to report any suspicion of child abuse.
What is the name for the structural and functional units that create and transport urine, located in the cortex of the kidney?
The nephron is the structural and functional unit that creates and transports urine. The glomerulus, loop of Henle, and distal tubule are parts of the nephron involved in creating and transporting urine depending on their respective functions.
Which of the following organs functions both as an endocrine and exocrine gland?
The pancreas functions as an exocrine gland because it secretes enzymes that break down food components. It also functions as an endocrine gland because it secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. The kidney isn’t a gland; it is an organ located directly below the adrenal glands. The stomach is an exocrine gland because it secretes hydrochloric acid. Like the kidney, the spleen is an organ, not a gland.
When responding to an infectious emergency, which of the following must an EMT do first?
Answer(s): D
While taking a stroll in the park, an EMT hears a loud yelp. A young boy yells that he’s been stung. He shows signs of anaphylaxis and indicates the area where he was stung. The EMT inspects the area and finds a small but evident stinger lodged in his skin. Which of the following should the EMT NOT do?
An EMT should never attempt to remove the stinger with tweezers, as tweezers will squeeze the remaining venom into the skin. Instead, an EMT should remove it with a credit card. Patients experiencing anaphylaxis will generally need epinephrine, so it’s important to ask the patient if they have epinephrine on them, as many EMTs aren’t permitted to administer epinephrine. Further, anaphylaxis can cause shock, so the patient should be placed in shock position.
Upon arriving to the scene of a call, an EMT notices a strong odor and several unconscious people on the ground. Which of the following emergencies has most likely occurred?
An emergency involving a strange odor and several unconscious people is indicative of an airborne poisoning, making this a toxicological emergency. Psychiatric emergencies involve mentally unstable patients, hematological emergencies are blood-related emergencies, immunological emergencies involve allergic reactions, and nothing within the question indicates mental instability or bleeding. The likelihood that multiple patients have the same allergy is unlikely.
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